چکیده:
The Holy Qur’an does not explicitly refer to mysticism, but in Shiite narrative sources there are many hadiths blaming (dhamm) it and few hadiths in Sufi sources and two Shiite books praising (Madḥ) it; The praise traditions are wāhid (with single transmitter) while the blame ones are mutawātir (with multiple transmitters). The praise ones have exaggerated and heterogeneous interpretations comparing others, while the blame ones include blaming Sufis, blaming rituals, ceremonies, leaders, and epistemological principles of Sufism. This trend is completely different from pure Islamic mysticism and spirituality, and even contradicts it. Based on the descriptive-analytical method, this research cites the text, validates the sanad (chain of transmitters), and refers to the implications of praise traditions and examples of blame traditions of mysticism. Findings show that the praise traditions, which either are mursal or contain qīla (was told) at the beginning, have many weaknesses and shortcomings in terms of sanad, source and implications; In contrast, the blame traditions are musnad with valid or authentic sanad. They contain consistent sanad and theme of traditions in the same group. Also in terms of meaning, they are completely clear and explicit; accordingly, some Sufi leaders wrongly and unacceptably think that the blame traditions are weak, so that they propose the implementation of balance rules and preference, based on the combination or presenting both of them. Seemingly, the claim of withdrawal of the blame traditions from Shiite Sufis or modern Sufis, with the application of the blame traditions and the similarity of Shiite Sufis with them, is incompatible.
خلاصه ماشینی:
Hadith Studies Scientific Semiannual Journal, Year 14, Autumn and Winter 2022, Issue 28 Research Article Pages: 241-266 Analytical Investigation and Critique of the Chain of Narrators, Source, and Indication of the Narrations of Praise and Blame for the Sufism Movement Based on the Teachings of Hadith Sciences * Alireza Tabibi Ali Mohammadi Ashnani ** *** Zahra Ghotbi Abstract The Holy Quran has not explicitly stated anything regarding Sufism; however, in Shia narrational sources, there are many hadiths regarding the blame of Sufism and its sources, while in two Shia books, there are few narrations in their praise; the narrations of praise, ahad reports, and narrations of blame possess mutawatir status.
Problem Statement One of the established currents in the Islamic world is Sufism, which in fact, as an intellectual and cultural front, has been a proponent of Islamic mysticism and spirituality; however, numerous narrations issued by the Infallible Imams (as) with themes of blaming Sufis, which are found in early and late Shia books, indicate that this movement is completely different from the pure mysticism derived from the conduct and behavioral method of the Shia Imams; rather, it seems there is a kind of opposition between them, as the narrations of praise are very few and only applicable to certain individuals contemporary to the time of their issuance.
109) The temporal precedence of Sufism in Sunni Islam over Shi'ism is also reported in some narrations from the Ahl al-Bayt (as); for example, the narration of Sheikh Kulayni in Al-Kafi from Imam Sadiq (as) addressing Sufis who forbade striving to earn a livelihood, citing the belief in the virtue and piety of Abu Bakr and their following of him, states: "...
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