چکیده:
Among the topics that the Sheikh al-Ra'is (Avicenna) has focused on are the resurrection and its afterlife states. In his wisdom, after addressing the controversial discussion of pleasure and suffering, he sought to make the concept of afterlife pleasure and pain understandable to the theists and believers. In his works, after proving the existence of the soul and the survival of its psychic aspects, the Sheikh al-Ra'is considered the various human faculties to perish with death; however, he maintained the philosophical belief that only the rational faculty does not perish with human death and will hasten to the eternal abode. Through various and extensive classifications, he divided human souls into different categories to clarify their afterlife status. In Avicennian wisdom, once the universality and majority nature of afterlife happiness was established, the pleasure and pain of souls were also considered rational. From the perspective of the Sheikh al-Ra'is, the rewards, joys, pleasures, and pains of the hereafter are entirely intellectual, and what is described in revelatory texts regarding afterlife promises and threats are nothing more than metaphorical and allusive propositions. He only for imperfect souls, a place...
خلاصه ماشینی:
In Avicennian wisdom, after the universality and majority nature of afterlife happiness was established, the pleasure and pain of souls were also considered rational.
com **Master of Philosophy and Wisdom Date received: 2011/04/23 Date accepted: 2012/01/01 Keywords, Pleasure, Pain, Perfect Souls, Imperfect Souls, Happiness, Misery, Children and Youths, Eternity, Ibn Sina.
Justifying afterlife pleasure and pain on one hand, and explaining the cause of attaining afterlife happiness and avoiding afterlife misery on the other, were two important questions that seriously required rational reasoning.
Ibn Sina in his works has referred to various definitions of pleasure and pain, which seem to possess both weaknesses and perfections from both a philosophical and historical perspective; in the Risala al-Adhawiyya (p.
It utilizes the terms "perception, attainment, reaching, perfection, and good" to express all aspects of pleasure and pain.
This description, besides being illogical in Avicennian geometry, is inconsistent with the thought of other classical philosophers, because the Sheikh considers the state of souls to be "simple," meaning they either possess happiness or misery.
Second, since they possessed physical forms that prevent the attainment of absolute eternal felicity, they will experience painful suffering and agony; however, an important point that Ibn Sina refers is that these forms are not "essential or substantial" for the human soul, but rather they have happened to it.
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