چکیده:
The application of generalities and absolutes of the Book and Sunnah in solving jurisprudential issues is, in general, among the assumed principles of scholars of jurisprudence (Fiqh) and principles (Usul). However, the method of dealing with contemporary issues through the use of generalities and absolutes, and the criteria for their application, are necessary topics in the jurisprudence of new issues and are demanded by researchers in this field. This article is responsible for explaining a fundamental stage in utilizing generalities and absolutes to solve contemporary issues; namely, the complete identification of the types of generalities and absolutes when facing contemporary issues and the method of using them in various states. The innovation of this article, while presenting and explaining two methods—customary (Urfi) and rational (Aqli)—is the presentation of all different forms of generalities and absolutes in facing contemporary issues within a logical structure and the expression of the appropriate method for each of those forms.
خلاصه ماشینی:
The clarification of the source of the problem in the aforementioned texts occurs while the main problem in the jurisprudential ruling of contemporary issues—after the reality of Sharia propositions and, for the vast majority, even after the existence of customary application—manifests itself in today's custom; otherwise, with the external nature (kharijiyya) of Sharia propositions or without the truthfulness of titles and without applying meanings to new instances, there is essentially no discussion regarding the lack of inclusion and the lack of authority of generalities and absolutes.
This usage also has three states: First state: Metaphorical application In this state, where the application is of the type of metaphorical usage, it is similar to the form lacking usage; because from the existence of metaphorical usage, one cannot realize the conceptual truth of generalities and absolutes over new subjects; consequently, the method of matching the real meaning to them must be used; therefore, it has the three statuses mentioned in the first category, namely matchable, unmatchable, and doubtful.
To establish the type of application of generalities and absolutes, the two aforementioned foundations for implementing the principle of the reality of usage are applied; therefore, as explained in the description of the second state of the first category, according to the first foundation (the inclusiveness of usage), one must resort to the method of matching the meaning, which has three statuses: matchable, unmatchable, and doubtful; and according to the second foundation (the principle of the reality of usage), the reality of usage and consequently the authority of generalities and absolutes regarding new subjects is established.
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