چکیده:
For a long time, the question has been raised: based on which attribute of God can grace be interpreted and explained? In this article, we have attempted to explore this issue by utilizing the views and theories of Muslim thinkers. To reach the main answer, we first attended to the conceptual principles and then addressed the theological foundations in terms of establishment and proof. During the discussions, it will also become clear that the criteria for grace lie within the attributes of God Almighty. Finally, we will conclude that 'acquired grace' (lutf-e mohassal) can be explained through all three divine attributes: justice, wisdom, and mercy; whereas 'proximate grace' (lutf-e moqarrab), whether individual or species-based, can only be explained based on the attributes of wisdom and mercy of the Almighty. At the end of the research, to complete the discussion, we also consider the most important argument of the opponents of the rule of grace along with certain considerations.
خلاصه ماشینی:
In Islamic thought, this meaning has received much attention in Quranic teachings, and God has been considered the manifestation of the infinite grace of the world (Al-An'am, 20)1, and the creation of the universe and His ontological and legislative guidances stem from Absolute Truth and His attributes of perfection, which, in the realm of action, have realized the realities of this world.
For example, Imam Ali (peace be upon him) has said regarding this matter: God created humans and willed that they possess good morals and behavior, and He knew that they would not be so unless He explained what is beneficial and harmful to them, and this work is based on commanding and forbidding, legislation, and religious duties....
But in terms of the vast Divine mercy, acting according to Divine laws and commands is the means for human beings to reach perfection and spiritual proximity, and the legislation of religious laws and duties, the sending of prophets, and the examples of other attainable grace, in addition to fulfilling the purpose of human creation, is undoubtedly a source of happiness and the inclusion of mercy for the servants.
(Al-Imran, 164) It is worth mentioning that according to our explanation of the rational foundations of the issue, there is a clear difference between the attribute of justice being a foundation on one hand, and the attributes of wisdom and mercy on the other; because the attribute of justice is also based on the issue of the Resurrection; meaning that it is in view of the issue of punishment, reward, accountability, and reckoning that reason dictates the necessity of explaining duties and raising prophets.
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