چکیده:
Hygiene in Islamic teachings enjoys high importance and value; and it has always been a matter of attention in the process of performing Hajj. Here, fundamental questions are raised: What was the status of the health and medical field for Iranian pilgrims during the Qajar and Pahlavi eras? And under what conditions did they perform this religious duty? Historical sources indicate a low level of health and medical services provided to pilgrims during these periods. The Pahlavi government, due to a lack of religious roots and necessary awareness regarding the position of Hajj, paid no attention to the problems of pilgrims; however, after the execution of Abu Talib Yazdi during the Hajj of 1322 SH, and the political crisis and five-year severance of diplomatic relations between Iran and Saudi Arabia, it realized the importance of the subject and attempted to organize it. Therefore, for the first time in the year 1328 SH, a group of experienced physicians, along with appropriate facilities, were dispatched to Hajj. Following the separation of Hajj from the Ministry of Interior and its attachment to the Endowment Organization in the year 1351 SH, attention to this field entered a more serious stage. This writing attempts to examine this subject using a descriptive-analytical method and by utilizing documents, records, and pilgrims' travelogues.
خلاصه ماشینی:
The Pahlavi government, due to a lack of religious roots and necessary awareness regarding the status of Hajj, paid no attention to the problems of pilgrims; however, after the execution of Abu Talib Yazdi during the Hajj of 1322 SH, and the political crisis and five-year severance of diplomatic relations between Iran and Saudi Arabia, it realized the importance of the issue and attempted to organize it.
The generalization of public health and the provision of health services, with the intention of improving the level of health in the Islamic community and preserving the life and health of humans and making Muslims independent of foreigners, is considered among the very important acts of worship and is under the special attention of the Lord; in other words, every step taken on this path is a step on the path of worship and gaining the pleasure of God. In the process of performing Hajj as well, the subject of hygiene and maintaining the health of pilgrims during the journey and the stages of performing Hajj rituals has always been a matter of attention and has been mentioned many times in Islamic sources; for instance, regarding the obligation of Hajj and the chapter of capability (istita'ah), if someone does not have physical health, based on the blessed verse (مَنِ اسْتَطاعَ إِلَيْهِ سَبِيلاً) (Al-Imran: 96), they will be excluded from the conditions of the obligation of Hajj.
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