چکیده:
With the establishment of the Safavid dynasty in 907 AH, the Ottomans regarded it as a rival that threatened their existence, and during more than two centuries of Safavid rule, an extensive conflict arose between them that brought unpleasant consequences for the Islamic world. The Ottoman Emperor was considered a common and dangerous enemy of both Iran and Europe, and sympathy between them became a factor in the emergence of the idea that convergence between Iran and Europe and simultaneous, intense, and exhausting wars with the Ottomans would cause its defeat. On the other hand, the Uzbeks, neighbors to the northeast of Iran, were always waiting to exploit any opportunity. As soon as they saw the Safavids caught in war or in a position of weakness, they would attack them. The Baburians were also waiting for an opportunity. In this article, the interventions of foreign governments and the rebellions that paved the way for tension between the Safavids and the Ottomans will be briefly examined. The conclusion of this article reveals the goals of foreigners and calls upon various Islamic sects and their governments to take steps toward Islamic unity and cohesion and to consider prudent actions and programs.
خلاصه ماشینی:
" Taking advantage of this success, the Sherley brothers made their intentions public and presented these two proposals to him:1 First, establishing contact with European governments and gaining their alliance and friendship against the Ottoman Empire; second, reforming the Safavid army, training them, and providing firearms that the Iranian government lacked at that time.
3. The Pope (Paul V) declared his readiness to fight the Ottoman Empire and said that he was willing to employ all his forces in this cause, and promised to prepare an equipped army and place it at the disposal of the Shah of Iran to achieve this goal.
The Austrian Emperor, Rudolf II, also, in his own part, sent an ambassador named Etienne Kakasch de Zalon Kemeny6 at the head of a delegation to Iran to investigate the following objectives: first, to conclude a treaty with the Shah against the Ottoman Sultan and specifically to obtain a promise from him that he would not make peace with the Ottomans until Tabriz and the whole of Azerbaijan were recovered.
2 Although after this defeat, Muhammad Timur, son of Shibak Khan, and Ubayd Allah Khan, the son of his brother, submitted to Shah Ismail for two years, after that, incited by Sultan Selim I of the Ottomans, they attacked the borders of Iran again.
Riyadh al-Islam, History of Relations between Iran and India (Safavid and Afsharid Periods), translated by Mohammad Baqer Aram and Abbas Li Ghaffarifard, Tehran: Amir Kabir Publication Institute, 1733.
Gholam Sarvar, History of Shah Ismail Safavi, translated by Mohammad Baqer Aram and Abbas Qoli Ghaffarifard, Tehran: University Publication Center, 1734.
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