چکیده:
Ethics studies the principles of conceptualization and assent of the science of morality that includes the four following subjects: moral semantics, moral epistemology, moral ontology and the logical subjects of ethics. Moral semantics provides the study and semantic analysis of the concepts and moral propositions. Considering that the meaning of the sentence relates to the concepts of the sentence components meaning its subject matter (Arabic: موضوع mawdū‘) and predicate (Arabic: محمول mahmul), the major subjects that are stated in the moral semantics are to study concepts of the subject matter and predicate of the moral sentences. This paper aims to survey the semantics of the mentioned concepts with the analytic method through intellect from the viewpoint of Sheikh Eshraq. He has created the conceptual definition method in the moral semantics and has argued some ethical concepts but he has not mentioned how to get the meaning which constitutes the compound concepts and has not presented a solution for the semantics of the simple moral concepts for those who are not able the witnessing perception of the simple concepts. The solution alternative to this opinion is to notice the attributes of the philosophical concepts that the moral concepts are of these concepts. The most important attribute of the philosophical concepts is comparative and they are achieved by the mental attempt. It is important for the semantics of the moral concepts to compare between the act or the optional feature with the moral goal that the meaning of the mentioned concepts is obtained from this comparison.
خلاصه ماشینی:
Good and Bad Sheikh Ishraq has explained the meaning of good and bad regarding human qualities and behaviors in the following expression: "Knowledge or being in a state that is suitable and gentle, whether bodily or spiritual, which they call pure good and absolute perfection, and the human soul seeks it and wishes to reach it and achieve perfection; or being in a state that is neither gentle nor suitable, whether bodily or spiritual, which they call pure evil and absolute deficiency, and the human soul constantly flees from it, and a natural aversion arises from it, where love arises from the former and enmity from the latter (ibid: 3/286).
Concepts Related to Ethics Concepts that are applicable in ethics, but are not used as the subject or predicate of ethical sentences, have a specific meaning in Sheikh Ishraq's discourse, the examination of which will be useful in the discussions of moral philosophy; because the concept of 'malakah' (habit/disposition), which results from habit in behavior and is used in the definition of ethics, and 'felicity' and 'perfection' as opposed to 'misery', are considered the goals of ethics.
Sheikh Ishraq considers hikmah (wisdom) as a high rank of ma'rifah, possessing specific characteristics (ibid: 1/121) that can be called a rank of felicity and the intermediate goal of ethics.
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