چکیده:
The semantics of ethics, as a branch of moral philosophy, examines the meaning of concepts such as humility. Peripatetic philosophers, following Aristotle’s doctrine of the mean, regard virtue as a balance between extremes. From their perspective, humility lies between the two vices of excess and deficiency in modesty—namely, humiliation and arrogance. Some Peripatetics interpret humility as an individual trait, while others explain it in relation to social status. Each approach is further divided into three views: humility as an inner disposition, as an external behavior, or as a combination of both. Within this framework, both humiliation and arrogance are considered moral vices. In contrast, Islamic ethics allows for certain exceptions: humiliation before God and arrogance toward the arrogant or hostile enemies are considered praiseworthy. Accordingly, humility must be defined in a way that encompasses these dimensions. The most comprehensive definition of humility is modesty before the Absolute Superior, whose true instance is humility before God. God’s superiority is complete and real by virtue of His role as the giver of existence. Other forms of humility derive their value from, and achieve their highest perfection through, this fundamental humility before God.
خلاصه ماشینی:
Peripatetics, following Aristotle's golden rule, reach virtue through the method of the mean; from the perspective of Peripatetics, humility is a concept between excess and deficiency in modesty, namely self-abasement and arrogance, which some of them have described as individual and others based on social position, where each of the two groups includes three categories of description.
One group considers humility an internal quality, another considers it merely an external behavior, and another believes in a combination of both; according to this moderate view, self-abasement and arrogance are always among moral vices; however, from the perspective of Islamic ethics, self-abasement against some, such as God, and arrogance against others, such as the arrogant and enemies of war, is commendable; therefore, humility must be described in a way that is inclusive of individuals; the best description that comes to mind for humility is modesty in the face of an absolute transcendence, whose true instance is modesty before God, who possesses transcendence in an absolute sense; His transcendence is real and complete due to His being the Giver of Existence, and other instances of humility follow from humility before the Divinity that created that transcendence; therefore, these instances result in the highest degree of perfection.
Comparison of Moral Humility from the Perspective of Peripatetic Philosophers with Islamic Ethics/ Hossein Ahmadi 191 Raghib Isfahani, Husayn ibn Muhammad (1412 AH).
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