چکیده:
This writing attempts to capture the views and thoughts of Protagoras, the founder and first Sophist, and then proceed to analyze them. The author will prove that Protagoras's humanistic approach will be individual-centered; furthermore, his emotion-based perspective will ultimately return to the centrality of human beings, and also, being mixed with multiple contradictions, the removal of God from the scene of life, and relativism in ethics will be among the most prominent consequences of anthropocentrism.
خلاصه ماشینی:
As soon as the boundaries of these societies open and they become acquainted with other cultures, ethnic groups, and nations that have different historical backgrounds, they gradually see that things which we know well, others consider bad, and vice versa (Malekian, History of Western Philosophy, vol.
Because he believes that whatever judgment anyone makes is according to what they have understood, thus it is true; for truth is nothing other than what man understands, and since individuals perceive differently—where one person considers something true and another considers it false, and a third doubts its truth or falsehood—then a thing is both true and false, and both right and wrong (Motahhari, Principles and Methods of Realism, vol.
Some, by comparing him to John Locke, have said: Protagoras considered sensation to be the sole means of consciousness and knowledge and never believed in a truth beyond sensation, saying that absolute truth does not exist, but rather whatever exists is what occurs to specific individuals under specific conditions and circumstances (Will Durant, The Story of Civilization, vol.
This is because Protagoras himself believes in this regard that there is no absolute truth that is identifiable; because each person's nature influences their judgments (Zail, Foundations and History of Western Philosophy, p.
Conclusion Protagoras considers human individuals to be the scale of being, non-being, and whatness, and believes that there is no truth except what humans understand; and since individuals perceive in different ways, an object can be both true and false, and both right and wrong.
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