چکیده:
Reason is the foundation of all criteria for Hadith criticism, and ultimately, it is reason that, by applying other criteria to the chain of transmission (isnad) and the text of the narration, judges its authenticity or forgery. In addition to being the basis for other criticism criteria, the findings of reason itself can independently play a role in identifying the authenticity of a Hadith, and the final judgment regarding its authenticity is issued by examining and matching the content of the narration with rational principles. In other words, on one hand, reason is used as a tool for understanding the authenticity of a Hadith, and on the other hand, reason itself can be a source for understanding the authenticity of the Hadith's content and its compatibility with axioms and rational arguments. Given the first function of reason, it is referred to as instrumental reason, and based on the second function, it is referred to as independent reason.
خلاصه ماشینی:
In addition to being the basis for other criticism criteria, the findings of reason itself can also play a role in identifying the authenticity of a Hadith, and the final judgment regarding its authenticity is issued by examining and matching the content of the narration with rational principles.
A look at the position of instrumental reason in the criticism of narrations Given the various criteria that each of the Hadith scholars state for identifying the authenticity of a Hadith, the only tool that can play a pivotal role and subject these criteria to the chain of narration (Sanad) and the text (Matn) of the Hadith is reason.
Rashid Rida, one of the researchers in this field, says: "I have no belief in the authenticity of the Sanad of a Hadith that contradicts the apparent meaning of the Quran, even if its narrators are authenticated.
In these types of conflicts that occur between narrations, both sides of the issue are transmitted (naqli), and reason acts only as a tool for discovering and resolving them; by taking the aforementioned matters into account, one becomes aware of the correct text and, out of necessity, will not resort to interpretation (ta'wil) or rejection of the Hadith.
For example, in the following narration: Aban ibn Taghlib said to Imam Sadiq (AS): "What is the ruling on a man who has severed a woman's fingers?
87) However, in practice and the tradition left by the Prophet (PBUH) and the Imams (AS), referring to reason in examining some hadiths is evident, which both Shia and Sunni narrations allude to.
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