چکیده:
Scientific systems are based on theories. Theories are significant scientific legacies and the result of human effort. Therefore, they require to be reviewed for further improvement. Concepts are among the most important elements of theories, as the explanation and formulation of a theory are based on some fundamental concepts. This study critically examines four conceptual elements: “Sunna-tu-Allah” (Allah’s Precedent), “Change,” “Religion,” and “Fitrah” (nature) in Martyr Sadr’s theory of historical traditions in the Qur’an, which are among the most important conceptual elements in his theory. The method of the paper is descriptive-analytical. The study is fundamental in terms of type and purpose. The data was collected and analyzed through document review. The Holy Qur’an and Martyr Sadr’s book “al-Madrasat al-Quraniyyah” were used as the research community, and other sources related to the research objectives were used as explanatory and supplementary sources. The results of this study indicate that Martyr Sadr’s conceptualization is not coherent and lacks a systematic framework, while the explanation of the concepts of “Sunnatullah” and “Change” requires refinement and completion. The explanation of the concept of “Religion,” despite its importance and breadth, does not possess appropriate formulation and organization. This fact has also caused problems for those compiling his works. Additionally, the theorist has not addressed others’ views on the concept of “Fitrah,” which is also endorsed by some narrations.
خلاصه ماشینی:
A Critical Reading of Concepts in Shahid Sadr's Theory of Historical Sunnats: A Case Study of the Basic Concepts of Sunnat Allah, Change, Religion, and Fitrat * Saeed Bahmani, Frank Bahmani ** Abstract Scientific systems are formed based on theories.
The present research, with the aim of advancing Shahid Sadr's theory of historical sunnats, deals with a critical reading of four basic concepts: Sunnat Allah, change, religion, and fitrat, and has assessed their correctness.
113, 115, 209-210, 262, and 295-297) If we follow Shahid Sadr's explanation in the theory of historical sunnats in the Quran, the important concepts that constitute the components and constructs of the theory of historical sunnats in the Quran are, in order of their application in the theory, as follows: Sunnat Allah, law, laws, history, historical events, the historical arena, sunnats of history, laws of history, the historical sunna, the creative sunna, the legislative sunna, the fixed sunna, change, religion, fitrat, the quaternary formula of human social relations, the tertiary formula of human social relations, succession (al-Istikhlaf), trust (al-Isti'man), the process of history, the movement of history, change, social change, internal content, social content, internal structure, social structure, the supreme ideal, low ideals, ideals derived from limited ambition, the true supreme ideal, the religious character, horizontal generalization, temporal generalization, the historical course, social relations, man's relationship with nature, man's relationship with his fellow human, historical materialism, the Pharaonic ideal, Pharaonic society, historical roles, love of Allah, love of the world.
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