چکیده:
In each of his works, Abbas Maroufi has considered the social, political, and historical conditions of the society by considering one of the social classes, and through this, he has challenged the situation of the society with a critical point of view combined with humor and elaboration. The "intellectual" class, women "victims and surrender" and "exiles" are among the groups that play the main characters in the three novels "Symphony of the Dead", "Year of the Riot" and "Totally Special". "Man" and "His Concerns" are the main focus of famous novels, and his main way of processing his fictional characters is to "look back" and "childhood" of the characters in order to examine the problems, internal conflicts, and pay attention to their disorders. The novel "Symphony of the Dead" can be considered a new interpretation of the story of Abel and Cain with a surrealist atmosphere that examines the social, political, and historical conditions of Iranian intellectuals at that historical period. The novel "Year of Rebellion" is a narrative of violence and coercion that has been noticed by women throughout history, and Nosha, as a character who represents women in society, is a "victim and surrender" character who does not give up to save herself and surrenders to forced marriage. The novel "Totally Special" is also a story about the life of Abbas Irani, an exiled journalist who is forced to emigrate from Iran to Germany. In this work, the author has included various aspects of his biological experiences. This research tries in a descriptive-analytical way to answer the question that what are the most important components of modernism in Abbas Maroufi's "human-centered" novels? The findings indicate that "tendency to the world within the characters", "fluid flow of the mind", "internal conflict", "rejection of the narrative method in the novel" and "different way of characterization" are the most important components. The manifestations of modernism are in the novels in question.
خلاصه ماشینی:
The findings of this research show that the farewell to traditional narrative structures, the farewell to the traditional hero, internal conflict, the rejection of narrative methods in the novel, the description of various aspects of an event from the perspective of multiple narrators, the use of stream of consciousness, the association of related past events, and direct and indirect internal monologue are the most important manifestations of this thought in the three novels "Symphony of the Dead," "Year of Tribulation," and "Entirely Special.
By utilizing prominent narrative components, including "stream of consciousness" and "soliloquy," with a critical perspective, Maroufi has presented his novels as a tool for is; living in a continuous line, without any curve of extraordinary accidents and events.
Omniscient Narrator The omniscient narrator in the modern novel, in the style of stream of consciousness, is an omniscient author focused on the internal life of the characters and their disorganized, illogical contents and unspoken thoughts (Bayat, 1387).
The Pattern of Narrative Method in the Novel In the modern era, narration is completely different from its traditional type, and "modernists believe that describing reality in the form of a coherent story is equivalent to imposing pre-constructed meanings on an objectivity that does not carry any meaning in itself; rather, it simply 'exists'" (Bayat, 1387).
In Ma'roufi's novels, these monologues are present and cause the story to be narrated from within the character's mental world.
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