چکیده:
Unscientific and illegal excavation and exploration in historical and ancient sites and monuments of Garmsar and Aradan have a very long history. Destruction and excavation of historical monuments have increased in speed and intensity in the last century. Cultural weakness and the dominance of material values and achieving economic positions have driven some individuals toward such activities. Although activities related to excavation and destruction of ancient monuments are mainly carried out secretly, many documents regarding commercial excavation exist from the late Qajar period and early Pahlavi period, which can shed light on the hidden aspects of excavation and the looting of cultural property and artifacts. Investigation and research into excavations carried out in a number of ancient mounds and sites in the counties of Aradan and Garmsar show that in excavations of the late last century and the beginning of the current century, diplomatic agents of foreign countries such as England and Russia supported the activities of Jews and other individuals active in this field and facilitated their activities. In this article, using historical documents and reliable sources, the history and method of activity of excavators and explorers of historical monuments in the mounds of Emamzadeh Zolfaghar, Lajran (Malekabad), and Rashmeh are addressed.
خلاصه ماشینی:
Bostan-e Andisheh, 1385; and Hassan Rezvani Nik-Abadi, (1375), Report of Archaeological Research in Southern Garmsar, Volume One, Tehran: National Organization for Cultural Heritage and were destroyed, however, dozens of historical mounds and sites still exist in the counties of Aradan and Garmsar, which are symbols of the civilization history of this region.
Background Public attention to ancient monuments was generally accompanied by the excavation and destruction of historical sites and the annihilation and ruin of these works; according to the writings of archaeologists, these actions began at least from the Qajar period in Iran in forms such as treasure hunting, antique buying, antique selling, and antique dealing (Malek Shahmirzadi, 1366: 55) During the reign of Naser al-Din Shah (1264-1313 AH), scattered concessions for excavation operations in some historical sites were granted to individuals and foreign governments.
The history of widespread and organized destruction of historical and ancient monuments in the Garmsar and Aradan regions, including excavation in castles, mounds, and ancient sites by the Kalimiyya, dates back to the late Qajar period.
Based on the documents mentioned in this article, the study of some archaeological reports and the observation of many historical and ancient monuments and mounds in the region suggest that if the objects, coins, and other findings from excavations in these two counties had not been exported from the country in various ways over the past years, they would have been sufficient on their own to establish a very large and important museum 1 .
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