چکیده:
Resistance literature is considered one of the most dynamic contemporary Arabic literary currents and, especially in Iraq, took shape in response to the increasing oppression of the Ottoman government and colonizers with the aim of fighting against them. These poems reflect pains and sufferings, struggle and perseverance, freedom, and express the problems of various segments of human societies, with poets such as al-Zahawi and al-Rusafi being among its true advocates. Through extensive efforts, they were able to compose stirring poems that aroused the dormant emotions of the people, which, in addition to influencing events, also produced lasting literary works in line with the interests of their homeland. This article examines the dimensions and angles of the subject using literary and historical research methods. The findings show that love for the homeland, struggle against the Ottoman government, and resistance to protectorate rule are among the most important aspects of resistance literature in the poems of these two Iraqi poets. Al-Zahawi and al-Rusafi were among the poets who called the people to demand their rights and oppose oppression.
خلاصه ماشینی:
Research Background Regarding the background of the subject, the following research has been conducted so far: Al-Adab al-Asri fi al-Iraq al-Arabi by Raphael Batty in 1923, Muhadarat an Jamil Sidqi al-Zahawi by Nasser al-Hani in 1954, Al-Zahawi Dirasat wa Nusus by Abdul Hamid al-Rashudi in 1966, Al-Rusafi Dirasah Tahliliyah by Abd al-Latif Sharara in 1960, Dirasat fi al-Shi'r al-Arabi al-Mu'asir by Shawqi Dayf in 1959, Ma'ruf al-Rusafi Dirasah Adabiyah li-Sha'ir al-Iraq wa Bi'atihi al-Siyasiyah wa al-Ijtima'iyah by Badawi Tabana in 1957, Ma'ruf al-Rusafi Hayatuhu wa Atharuhu wa Mawaqifuhu by Mahmoud al-Abta in 1992, al-Shi'r al-Iraqi al-Hadith Ahdafuhu wa Khasa'isuhu fi al-Qarn al-Tasi' Ashar by Yusuf Ezzedine in 1986, and al-Da'wah al-Islahiyah fi Shi'r Ma'ruf al-Rusafi in the year 1394 SH.
Common Foundations of Resistance Literature in the Poems of Jamil Sidqi al-Zawi and Ma'ruf al-Rusafi Love for the Homeland What prepared the ground for the emergence of love for the homeland and patriotism among the Arabs in the modern era, and caused the feeling of inclination to strengthen the national-patriotic pillars in the heart of the Arab nation, was the emergence of nationalist thought as a political ideology in the Western world, which, along with other new ideas and thoughts, reached the Arab world, and poets in 169 170/ the path of nationalist ideology turned to composing poetry, pursuing several goals, which include fighting against tyranny and colonialism, condemning the occupiers, exposing their plots and conspiracies, and then drawing attention to the heroism and sacrifices of the people against the colonizers (Al-Wa'iz, 1974: 344).
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