چکیده:
The excavation of qanats can be considered among the unique indigenous knowledge of Iranians for water locating and irrigation, which, although it has still preserved its fixed and natural structure, remains life-giving and wonderful. The people living around these water arteries would bring healthy and refreshing waters from deep within the earth to the surface throughout the year. In this article, in addition to antiquity and history, the structure and construction of karez, the different parts of the qanat, excavation tools, muqannis, and their moral characteristics and clothing are addressed, as well as the impact of karezes on the social and economic lives of individuals and the value and status of qanats. Qanats brought with them customs and traditions that left a lasting impact on the culture of the people around them. This article has been written using a descriptive-analytical method and the use of library documents and participant observation.
خلاصه ماشینی:
2 Seyyed Reza Moshref Abstract The excavation of qanats can be considered among the unparalleled indigenous knowledge of Iranians for irrigation and watering, which, although it has still preserved its fixed and natural structure, remains life-giving and wonderful.
Definition and Etymology of Qanat Qanat or kariz consists of underground and almost horizontal channels that bring water from the water-bearing parts of mountain slopes and highlands to relatively lower and more arid areas, to the earth's surface.
(Persian Encyclopedia: under kariz) Regarding the reason for the emergence of kariz, theories vary because the structure of the qanat has undergone many transformations in terms of shape and construction technique throughout its long history; since the beginning of agriculture, the need for a reliable water supply system that would have a significant impact on the fate of agriculture and irrigation in the Iranian plateau has been felt.
(Saedloo, 42:1353) To construct qanats, first, experts, with the insight and experience they have gained in this work and by considering the natural condition of the land and the proximity of a spring or the abundance of plants and 64 trees in summer, select the area that appears to be water-rich and is located on the mountain slope, and dig a well there to reach the water.
After reaching water, taking into account the depth of the well and the necessary slope of the land for the channel, the qanat outlet location is determined, and then in the distance between the outlet and the mother well, wells are dug at intervals of 30 to 40 meters.
(
, 
, 
)
