چکیده:
The principle of causality is one of the important philosophical principles that applies not only to natural objects and phenomena but also to human behaviors, including criminal behaviors; although the way it is analyzed in human behaviors is different from objects and natural phenomena. The approach of criminal etiology, given its epistemological foundations, has not had the ability to perform this analysis. This article examines and critiques criminal etiology based on Islamic wisdom and enumerates the most important weaknesses of this approach in this regard as follows: lack of distinction or confusion between the concept of 'cause' and 'conditions and tools', relying on causal investigation while neglecting reasoning and meaning-seeking, etiology based on the researcher's previous assumptions and mental frameworks, belief in the determinism of criminal behavior, denial of non-natural causes in the commission of crime, changing the stance from final cause to material efficient cause, and focusing on numerical causality instead of real and creative causality.
خلاصه ماشینی:
This article examines and critiques criminal etiology based on Islamic wisdom and enumerates the most important weaknesses of this approach in this regard as follows: lack of distinction or confusion between the concept of "cause" and "conditions and preparations," relying solely on cause-seeking while neglecting reasoning and meaning-seeking, etiology based on the researcher's prior assumptions and mental frameworks, the belief in the determinism of criminal behavior, the denial of non-natural causes in the commission of crime, the shift in position from final cause to material efficient cause, and the focus on numerical causality instead of real and creative causality.
The importance of addressing this subject lies in the fact that discovering causality in social sciences, including criminology, is different from the natural sciences; because the existence of free will in humans has made explaining causality in their behaviors difficult.
That in positivist criminal etiology, causality means the comparison or succession of matters is also completely evident from the following phrase in the Encyclopedia of Criminology: "The proof of the causal relationship occurs in two ways: proving that event 'A' occurred before event 'B', or proving that all reasons for the occurrence of 'C' are negated except for reason 'D'" (Najafi Abrandabadi and Hashem Biki, 1395: 60).
Unlike causalists who in criminal etiology attempt to explain the phenomenon of criminality through the discovery of its causes, and unlike reason-seekers who seek to discover the conscious motives of criminals for their actions in a general way, based on the third attitude, the task of criminology is to understand intentional criminal phenomena through the interpretation of their meanings within their specific context.
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