چکیده:
Linguists agree that in the Arabic language, like other Semitic languages, there are no initial consonant clusters, which they have referred to with the expression 'avoidance of starting with a consonant.' This is while initial consonant clusters definitely existed in the Persian language before Islam. In this writing, we have attempted to address the following two topics, given the long-standing contact between the Arabic and Persian languages: first, what behavior the Arabic language shows when borrowing Persian words containing initial consonant clusters and what changes it makes to these words. For example, we have examined the two words 'kelid' (key) and 'setbarag' (?), both of which entered Arabic before Islam. Second, has Persian prosodic meter played a role in the evolution and breaking of initial consonant clusters? The study of Persian Dari poems from the early centuries provides us with evidence regarding how initial consonant clusters evolved.
خلاصه ماشینی:
Although Malek al-Sho'ara Bahar, in his book "Style" (Sabk-shenasi), has not explicitly spoken about the existence of consonant clusters in the Old Persian language, he has cited words in many pages of the book upon which he has placed a silent vowel on the first letter, such as: khash, forostan (Bahar, 1369, Vol. 1: 180, 310).
Khanlari, like Bahar, has not spoken directly about this in the "History of the Persian Language," but in the section "Evolution of Vowels," he has provided examples that possess initial consonant clusters, such as: "khashaythi" (king) and "khashp" (night) (Khanlari, 1382, Vol. 1: 85).
On the other hand, we know that some Persian words entered the Arabic language before Islam, and among these words, a number of them also possessed initial consonant clusters.
On the other hand, several Persian words with initial consonant clusters entered the Arabic language before Islam, and here we will limit ourselves to examining two cases of them.
(Refer to the page illustration) Of course, upon reflecting on the views of Ibn Durustawayh, Ibn Jinni, Fakhr al-Razi, and even Shams Qays, the latter opinion is rejected, and it seems that at least in some Persian dialects, words with initial consonant clusters were used.
2. When borrowing Persian words that possess an initial consonant cluster, the Arabic language has often broken this cluster by adding a hamza.
- Sadeghi, Ali Ashraf (1380), "Evolution of the Initial Consonant Cluster," Historical Issues of the Persian Language (Collection of Articles), Tehran: Sokhan Publications.
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