چکیده:
Foucault's primary concern in the book 'The Birth of Biopolitics' is to end many misunderstandings and misinterpretations of certain concepts in political thought, such as neoliberalism. What Foucault presents to us in this book, rather than being a description or interpretation of the evolution of political and intellectual schools, is an extensive explanation of their general ontological, epistemological, and methodological principles. Therefore, the book 'The Birth of Biopolitics' should be perceived within the general framework of Foucault's theory of 'discourse'; a theory that is proposed based on the rich philosophical heritage of predecessors and leaves a profound impact on future generations; a theory that is presented from a perspective based on 'order in dispersion' and seeks the unity of a discourse within the discontinuity and interaction of the differentiating aspects of its objects.
خلاصه ماشینی:
Therefore, the book The Birth of Biopolitics should be perceived within the general framework of Foucault's theory regarding "discourse"; a theory that is proposed by relying on the rich philosophical heritage of predecessors and leaves a profound impact on future generations; a theory that is presented from a perspective based on "order in dispersion" and seeks the unity of a discourse in the discontinuity and interaction of the divergent aspects of its objects.
3. Internal Analysis and the Position of the Work In his book The Birth of Biopolitics, Foucault discusses the "discourses" governing classical liberalism, German ordoliberalism, and American neoliberalism, and their conditions of possibility.
Proving this claim requires a more precise and deeper attention to the distinctions between archiology and genealogy; in Foucault's words: If someone wants to conduct a precise, meticulous, and clear historical investigation — an investigation that is conceptually selected — [archiology] will be a good and appropriate method, but if someone is interested in conducting historical research that has political substance and content, possesses an applied aspect and the power of influence, it is necessary to enter directly into the struggles that are related to his question or subject, enter into them, and engage with them .
If we contemplate the book The Birth of Biopolitics, we realize that Foucault views the three discourses of liberalism, ordoliberalism, and neoliberalism from an "external" position; he is neither seeking to destroy power relations and discursive practices, nor seeking to deconstruct them.
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