چکیده:
The abstract of the following article examines the relationship between punitive tendencies and public opinion while explaining the concepts of 'public opinion' and 'punitive tendencies.' It analyzes the impact of public opinion on the inclination toward punishment by focusing on individual variables such as age, gender, fear of crime, and social beliefs on one hand, and the differences between societies at the macro level on the other. Research results show that the main cause of the difference in the level of punitive tendency among individuals is the individual's ability to empathize with criminals and how that occurs. At the macro level, the major difference in the level of punitive tendency among different nations depends on the level of fear of crime, the presence of crime and justice issues in electoral campaigns, and the way crimes are covered by the media. Furthermore, the results show that punitive tendency is not a simple and basic category, but rather complex and multidimensional, and is also somewhat influenced by data collection tools and the method of conducting public opinion polls. It is also necessary to state that if punishment is not addressed as an issue at higher levels or is not considered an important topic for people, public opinion in its precise and correct sense cannot form around it.
خلاصه ماشینی:
While variables such as gender, age, education, and fear of crime can help us explain differences in punitiveness as individual variables, since individuals are socialized and influenced by various factors in different cultures and societies, the results of research in one society cannot be spread to other countries without conducting corresponding research and surveys.
Whereas it seems that such a process has not taken place around the issue of crime and punishment, and the majority of people's views and beliefs regarding this subject are media images influenced by the political discourse prevailing in society, which should not be considered public opinion in the true sense of the word.
This matter can be explained through the way of socialization in Chinese society; in fact, the high level of punitiveness in China is a reflection of views that have been strongly supported and confirmed by both the government and the media (Kury and ferdinand:1999,378-379) (31).
" It analyzes the impact of public opinion on the inclination toward punishment by focusing on individual variables such as age, gender, fear of crime, and social beliefs on one hand, and differences between societies at the macro level on the other.
The populist structure of the criminal justice system in the United States causes the category of public opinion to be a subject of reference and citation more than in other Western countries, and this situation itself has led to the increasing introduction of crime and punishment issues in electoral struggles and media reports, and consequently, punitiveness is intensified among the people (Garland, 2005:347-376).
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