چکیده:
Based on Article 44 of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic, the position of the private and public sectors in the Iranian economy has been determined. According to this principle, many important economic activities such as telecommunications, power supply, shipping, aviation, railways, etc., must be managed by the public sector, and the private sector includes activities that complement the public sector. Therefore, according to many Iranian economists, the private sector has little opportunity to participate in the country's economic activities. Given the low efficiency of public sector enterprises compared to private sector enterprises, the Iranian government has recently launched a new privatization program based on transferring 80 percent of state-owned companies to the private sector. The main goal of implementing this program is to increase productivity in the Iranian economy, reduce monopolies, and grow competitiveness among companies. In this study, the effects of transferring state ownership to the private sector on macroeconomic variables such as production level, employment level, and based on the Social Accounting Matrix table, inflation rate, trade volume, and non-oil exports using the Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model have been simulated through applying various scenarios of transferring state enterprises to the private sector. The results of the present study indicate that the implementation of the general policies of Article 44 leads to an increase in production levels, employment, trade volume, and non-oil exports, as well as a decrease in the inflation rate. Also, based on the findings of the study, transferring state enterprises to the private sector leads to the improvement of macroeconomic variables in various economic sectors.
خلاصه ماشینی:
In this study, the effects of transferring state ownership to the private sector on macroeconomic variables such as production level, employment level, inflation rate, trade volume, and non-oil exports have been simulated using the Computable General Equilibrium (EGC) model {o1o} and based on the Social Accounting Matrix table, through applying various scenarios of transferring state enterprises to the private sector.
Over the past years, the economy of Iran has witnessed the expansion of state ownership and an increase in state holdings, which has caused the private sector to be pushed out of the circle of productive activities and has paved the way for decreased efficiency and innovation, increased transaction costs, weakening of productive creativity, and in total, a reduction in the country's competitiveness in international markets and the process of economic growth; undoubtedly, continuing past trends can no longer properly respond to the socio-economic necessities and priorities of the country from the perspective of investment, job and income creation, production growth, achieving mass exports of non-oil goods, and improving the level of living and public welfare.
(Refer to the page image) Based on the results of Table (2), following the transfer of 20 percent of state-owned enterprises to the private sector, the growth rate of the production level in the crude oil and natural gas, mining, and food industries sectors, with 0.
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