چکیده:
One of the social problems of the Arab people before Islam was the phenomenon of "Sa'alaka," where groups of tribal members were marginalized for various reasons, forced to deal with poverty, homelessness, hunger, and displacement. They were not born with such characteristics and traits, but rather, the subsequent occurrence was an inevitable fate bestowed by the tribe and society, much like the titles of highwayman, thief, and wolf. This article attempts, while remembering these free and chivalrous men, to wipe away the stains of slander from their suffering faces and to seek the main factors of this phenomenon within that very society.
خلاصه ماشینی:
Keywords: Sa'alik, Ayyar, Hujana and Aghriba, Khul'a, Tribe "Sa'alik" were a group of the destitute, homeless, and hungry Arabs of the Jahiliyyah era who lived on the margins of society; for various reasons, they were not integrated into society, were not considered part of the pillars and foundations of their own tribe, and were forced to seek refuge in the desert and wilderness.
" (Fazeli: At-Ta'rif bil-Mubtani min Khilal Ash'arih, A New Encounter with Khaqani: Journal of the Faculty of Literature, Ferdowsi University, Issues 3 and 4, 7731) (8) The free and noble black-skinned poet, among the (Hajina' al-Aghriba) who were high-spirited and far from harm and baseness, as he himself says: یخبرک من شهد الوقیعه أنّنی أغشی الوغی و أعفّ عند المغنم This poet, born of a slave woman, due to a war that occurred for his tribe, fought with his life on the line and brought victory to those around him; he freed himself from slavery, compelled his father to accept his sonship, and was saved from displacement and joining the ranks of the Sa'alik.
731) (5) Urwah ibn al-Ward from the Banu Abs tribe, a Pre-Islamic era poet whom they called "Abu al-Sa'alik" and "Urwah al-Sa'alik"; he was considered one of the Arab Sa'alik who was a model and a pioneer in capturing and helping the needy, bravery and chivalry, generosity and sacrifice, and resisting oppression.
57) The social factor was also influential in the phenomenon of the Sa'alik, as pre-Islamic Arab society was formed of groups and classes, and each group was called a "tribe.
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