خلاصه ماشینی:
But gradually, through travel to Europe, familiarity with foreign languages, and the translation of some new books during this period, the thinkers of Iran became directly and indirectly acquainted with the intellectual works of sages and thinkers of the modern era in Europe, such as Newton, Kepler, Descartes, Kant, Spinoza, Leibniz, Bacon, Fenelon, Fichte, Besse, Hegel, Hume, Auguste Comte, Darwin, and Enlightenment thinkers such as Diderot, d'Alembert, Voltaire, Montesquieu, Buffon, Rousseau, Buckle, Renan, John Stuart Mill, and so on.
(Refer to the page image) New sciences in the thought of political figures and thinkers affiliated with the government This group included those who held positions and ranks within the court and administrative hierarchies, encompassing ministers, princes, bureaucrats, graduates and teachers of the Dar al-Funun school, translators, authors, and official journalists of that era who were somehow connected to political power.
After arriving in Tehran, Count Gobineau apparently established contact with Iran's scientific assemblies very soon and opened the door for dialogue with famous sages, especially the philosophers of that time, recounting his observations as follows: "I know individuals who are scientists and experts in sciences and knowledge, and they show eagerness to acquire useful information, and they derive special enjoyment and pleasure from the subtleties and nuances of philosophy"61.
The "Scientific Newspaper of the Government of Ali against Iran" was considered the spokesperson for the group of new educated individuals affiliated with the sovereignty - in the field of new sciences - who, with their growing presence in the court, sought to provide the means for the "progress and education" of the Iranian nation and government officials through a policy of guidance and reform from top to bottom, while maintaining the pillars of the government.
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