چکیده:
The Middle East is one of the most volatile arenas of political and cultural conflicts in the world. What we witness in Iraq, Palestine, Afghanistan, and the conflict between Iran and the United States serves as evidence for this claim. This phenomenon has various causes. The author analyzes one of the major causes of this reality as the conflict between two currents: one being the United States' effort to advance global hegemony, and the other being the resistance of the inner layers of the societies in this region against US hegemony by resorting to their own cultural manifestations. The pursuit of the United States' imperialist strategy after the Cold War and the investigation into the roots of religious fundamentalism in mobilizing against hegemony, in the name of a return to Islam as a way of salvation, forms the axis of this analysis. The author identifies the root of both in accelerating economic globalization, arguing that on one hand, globalization encourages the United States, as the world's largest economy, to control the world to contain globalizing forces in order to counter potential risks, and on the other hand, it pushes people's resistance within the paradigm of cultural relativity toward the foundations of religious culture. Frustration with secular experiences during the first period of post-colonial governments and dissatisfaction with the West—as an inspiration for secularism on one hand and a source of national oppression on the other—are factors intensifying religious fundamentalist tendencies. This fundamentalism encompasses a wide spectrum, from more balanced forms to blind violence (e.g., Iraq). In such a fierce confrontation, both sides utilize religious justificatory discourses.
خلاصه ماشینی:
The pursuit of the United States' imperialist strategy after the Cold War and the investigation of the roots of religious fundamentalism in mobilizing against hegemony, in the name of a return to Islam as a way of salvation, forms the axis of this analysis.
The hypothesis of this article is that the imperialist strategy of the United States to dominate this region provokes the resistance of the inner layers of Middle Eastern societies, and this resistance, given the conditions of globalization and the historical experiences of the people, takes the form of identity-seeking and a return to religious culture, producing manifestations of Islamic revival, political Islam, and religious fundamentalism.
The axis of the article's argument is that, given the occurrence of new developments in the global arena, including accelerating globalization, the entry of new forces into the field of the global economy, and also the collapse of the bipolar system, the United States' strategy has undergone an important shift toward imperialist dominance, with the theme of increased unilateralism and interventionism.
This strategy includes the expansion of United States hegemony in the Middle East to control global energy resources and create internal transformations in the governments of the region in the direction of the changes desired by the US government.
Religion of Resistance To the same extent that the United States, to guarantee its economic security in conditions of the complex economy has leaned towards global dominance, the Muslim people of the Middle East have also turned to resistance against dominance in various ways to defend their security, nationality, and identity.
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