چکیده:
Labor market segmentation and flexibility play a decisive role in creating employment in trade and regional unions, and conversely, technology has had an inverse effect on the level of employment. Additionally, the capital factor is presented as a complement to labor in the economy. Given the importance of employment in the vision of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the Fourth Development Plan, utilizing the experiences of other countries in solving the problem of unemployment and increasing employment in the process of faster economic growth and interaction with the regional and global economy, and ultimately reducing labor market imbalances, is essential. Therefore, the application and adjustment of sound macroeconomic policies and appropriate labor market policies will provide the basis for a higher level of employment and sustainable balance in the labor market.
خلاصه ماشینی:
Results show that economic growth, degree of trade openness, international capital flow, and labor market flexibility play a decisive role in creating employment in trade and regional unions, and conversely, technology has had an inverse effect on the level of employment.
Given the importance of employment in the vision of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the Fourth Development Plan, using the experiences of other countries in solving the problem of unemployment and increasing employment in the process of faster economic growth and interaction with the regional and global economy, and finally reducing labor market imbalances, is necessary.
The issue of the labor market in the Iranian economy, for various economic and social reasons, indicates an imbalance; specifically, during the last decade, in prevailing wages, the amount of labor supply has exceeded the amount of demand, and this gap has gradually increased, resulting in an unemployment crisis and the lack of suitable employment for the workforce, especially youth and university graduates.
To this end, to estimate the intensity of growth employment generation, variables such as real wage, the share of services relative to total production, the state of labor market flexibility, and exchange rate fluctuations among European countries have been used.
Pooled Cross-Section data Farjadi (1397)1 in the study project "Human Resources, Labor Market and Employment," has addressed the identification of factors affecting the labor demand function and their level of importance in the economic sectors of Iran.
Also, another result is that substitution between the two production factors of capital and labor has been revealed, and research and development expenditures have had a negative effect on the employment level of these countries.
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