چکیده:
After the formation of the Abbasid state (132 AH), we witness a series of Hasanian uprisings (Bani Hasan AS) against the Abbasid state, which spans until the nineties of the second century AH. Some of the reasons for these uprisings lie in the Hasanians' view of the caliphate; in their view, being Alawi was the primary condition, and secondly, proximity to the Prophet were the essential requirements for attaining the position of the caliphate. Therefore, they considered the Abbasids to be usurpers of the caliphate. In contrast, the Abbasids also cited issues such as inheritance from paternal uncles, etc., to prove their right to the caliphate. In the present article, the views of the Hasanians and the Abbasids regarding the legitimacy of the caliphate are examined.
خلاصه ماشینی:
According to the theory of the inheritance of paternal uncles, Mansur, while believing that the caliphate is the right of the Prophet's family, claimed that the Abbasids are closer to the Prophet than the Alawites; therefore, the caliphate is the right of the Abbasids (Tabari, 431, 1988/4).
A) Inheritance of paternal uncles in the letters and speeches of the Abbasids 1- Mansur's letter to Muhammad ibn Abd Allah (Nafs al-Zakiyyah): In the letters Mansur writes to Nafs al-Zakiyyah, he considers the connection of the Hasanids to Fatima (SA) as "purely a genealogical connection" which has no capacity to transfer any right from the Prophet to the Hasanids.
The support of Abbasid panegyrists for this theory during different periods in their poems expresses two points: first, the importance of this theory for the Abbasid state, which sought to expand and spread it in society by encouraging poets; second, that the theory of paternal uncle inheritance was not exclusive to the era of Abu Ja'far Mansur, as subsequent Abbasid caliphs also supported this theory.
(Tabari, 1988, 4/373-374) 3-The Alawites have no right to the caliphate Another point that Mansur has referred to, alongside the theory of inheritance by paternal uncles, is that the Alawites have waived their right to the caliphate; in his letter to Muhammad bin Abdullah, while acknowledging the Alawites' right to the caliphate, he claims that since the time of Imam Hasan's (AS) peace treaty with Muawiyah, the Alawites have waived their right to the caliphate and no longer have any right to it.
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