چکیده:
The increase in urban population density and the tendency towards it is a phenomenon that has emerged following the testing of various urban planning patterns, especially modernist urbanism and the uncontrolled expansion of sprawl in developed countries, and has become a global paradigm with the holding of international environmental conferences in the last decade of the twentieth century. In its European-American origin, this subject is a systemic strategy with specific dimensions and methods that emphasizes at least three components: increasing density, mixing land uses, and reducing automobile use in intra-city trips. Despite this, in third-world countries including Iran, dealing with this phenomenon is mostly approached from a single dimension and primarily through an economic perspective, which cannot lead to the desired goals of this approach. In this article, the objectives, dimensions, and various methods of increasing urban densities are generally examined to help enrich the literature of the subject and allow for deeper contemplation in adopting it as a strategic policy in our country.
خلاصه ماشینی:
The demands of the followers of this school are manifested in the Athens Charter, and its principles can include: holism in urban design, spatial separation of green areas, emphasis on high-rise development in housing provision to achieve sunlight, fresh air, and green space, importance given to the automobile in urban transport, and the use of modulation and mass production for economic efficiency [3, pp.
Major principles of this view can include: Emphasis on the partial organization of cities instead of their complete design, importance given to the mixing of land uses, encouragement of pedestrian movement and relative control of vehicles in urban spaces, valuing the historical continuity of urban space, and finally, emphasis on streets, squares, and low-rise buildings.
Historically, the idea of the compact city is a reaction to the trend of urban sprawl (1) in developed countries, which is accompanied by characteristics such as low density of residential and employment areas, functional segregation of urban space, emphasis on automobile use in urban transport, and pressure on metropolitan areas for growth and social segregation [9, p.
The purpose of emphasizing mixed-use of urban space as the second pillar of the compact city is to prevent the uniformity of the city's appearance, ensure easy access to services required by residential environments, and reduce the need for automobile use; this is not possible except through the improvement of technological and environmental regulations for service production activities (as has occurred in developed countries).
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