چکیده:
If we want to divide contemporary Persian poetry into specific and distinct trends, one of the most important of these trends will be the social symbolism trend. Nima Yooshij is the founder and true representative of this poetic trend, and his poem "Phoenix" is the first experience of this kind in contemporary Persian poetry. After Nima, poets such as Shamloo, Akhavan, Forugh, Kasraei, Shahroudi, Atashi Azad, Khoyee, and Shafiei-Kadkani should be mentioned, who brought this trend to its peak in the 30s and 40s decades of the present century. Collectivism and symbolism are two essential characteristics of the poems in this trend. Poets of this trend reflect the socio-political issues of their time in poetry using a symbolic and interpretive language. Poetry in this trend is committed and engaged poetry. Also, another important feature of this trend, alongside the two elements of emotion and imagination, is the heavy emphasis on thought and reflection. The use of epic language, vocabulary, and style of expression is also among the other characteristics of this poetic trend.
خلاصه ماشینی:
However, what exists is that the social orientation of the poets of the Constitutional era has a rebellious, revolutionary, inevitable, slogan-like, rushed, and superficial character and is less accompanied by thought and enlightenment; and more importantly, the language and style of expression in the poems of these poets take on less artistic, poetic, and aesthetic character and are often close to spoken language and prose; for this reason, Akhavan-Sales in the book "Bada'i va Bada'atey-e Nima Yousheji" (The Innovations and Novelties of Nima Yousheji), while making a comparison between Constitutional poetry and Nimaic poetry and referring to the precedent of the issue of social orientation among the Constitutional poets, enumerates the characteristics of the poetry of that period as follows: 1.
If we want to examine the process of the entry of social and political concepts into Nima's poetry and consequently into the poems of social-oriented symbolist poets, we reach the conclusion that Nima himself has had two completely distinct experiences in this regard; because in his early poems, such as "The Pale Story, Cold-Blooded," the poem "O Night," and especially the famous poem "The Legend," Nima's poetry is lyrical and romantic, to the extent that some researchers have considered these early works of Nima to be the vanguard, the beginning, and more precisely, the "manifesto" of Persian romantic poetry [7]; however, Nima gradually distances himself from such poems and their romantic content and gravitates towards a type of thoughtful poetry with political and social themes and content, and a symbolic language and new form, and finally, in the year 1316, with the composition of the poem "Phoenix," he achieves a new experience and discovery in the field of poetry.
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