چکیده:
The family constituted the smallest yet most significant social unit and one of the most enduring institutions in ancient Iran. An institution whose soundness and the cohesion of its members served as a guarantee for the well-being of society and for the unity and solidarity of the people. Accordingly, the examination of interpersonal relationships among family members, the respect and esteem they accorded one another, as well as the attitudes of children toward their parents, elders, and religious teachers—as reflected in religious precepts, admonitions, and historical texts—represents a crucial topic. The present study seeks to elucidate the reasons underlying the adaptability and durability of Iranian families, as well as the rights and reciprocal duties (xveškārīh) that each relative bore within the ancient Iranian family. Employing a library-based methodology and close analysis of religious texts—supplemented by reference to select historical reports—the following conclusions have been reached: Owing to the paramount importance of the family system within the religious and civic society of ancient Iranians, mutual reverence and honor among family members constituted a fundamental principle repeatedly emphasized in religious teachings. Respectful relations between parents toward each other and toward their children, along with the inculcation of reverence for parents and for religious teachers—who bear the right and responsibility of education and moral upbringing—were both widely accepted and customary practices.
خلاصه ماشینی:
In an article titled "Iranian Ethics according to Pahlavi Texts (Qaderi: 2003)," very briefly and within a single paragraph, it has referred to Explanations of family ethics in ancient Iran: veneration of parents and khwishkari towards teachers | 149 some behavioral aspects, also based on very limited sources of Pahlavi texts, have been mentioned.
Expressions of family ethics in ancient Iran: veneration of parents and khwishkari towards teachers | 157 The observance of this mutual behavior in Iranian culture can be understood by referring to the writings of Greek historians; for when Xenophon writes in the Cyropaedia: "They encouraged children to be obedient and mindful of their duties toward their superiors, and what encouraged them to this matter was that obedience and mindfulness of duty were not exclusive to children, but elders were also obligated to maintain the respect of their superiors and consider it a mandatory matter" (Xenophon, 1388: 8).
ِ Regardless of observing the respect for elders and honoring the elderly, considering this important matter in Iranian culture and according to the teachings of the Mazdeans, children had to know their place in the family and society, and especially after the age of fifteen, they had to be aware of their purpose of creation and informed of their duties in the world: "...
(
, 
, 
)
