چکیده:
Among the Quranic sciences and Quran exegesis books, a term titled “ما تأخّر حکمه عن نزوله the delayed ruling until after the revelation” and “ما تأخّر نزوله عن حکمه the delayed revelation untilafter Its ruling” (Qur’anic verses and surahs which were revealed before their rulings and after their ruling) flourishes. The statement“ما تأخّر حکمه عن نزوله the delayed revelation until after Its ruling” means there are verses which have been revealed but after some times their rulings have been legislated (Arabic: تشریع tas̲h̲rīʿ) like the revelation of the verse “قَدْ أَفْلَحَ مَنْ تَزَکَّی successful indeed are those who purify themselves” (Arabic: سورة الأعلی 14th verse of Surah Al-A'la) in Mecca and interpreting “تَزَکَّی to be purified” as compulsory zakāt (Arabic: زکاة) and its legislation in Medina. The statement “ما تأخّر نزوله عن حکمه revelation after its ruling” means a judgment has been legislated in Mecca and after some time its verses has been revealed in Medina like the legislation of the ruling of Friday prayer in Mecca and the revelation of the verses related to this ruling in surat al-Jumu'ah (Arabic: سورة الجمعة) in Medina. First time the term “ما تأخّر حکمه عن نزوله the delayed revelation until after its ruling” was stated by al-Baghawī and the term “ما تأخّر حکمه عن نزوله the delayed revelation until after its ruling” was declared by al-Suyuti. The absolute trust (firm belief) in the speech of the companions of the Prophet (Arabic: صحابة saḥābah) and followers or successors of the companions of the prophet (Arabic: تابعون tābi'ūn) and inattention to the principle of applicability and conformity (Arabic: جری وتطبیق jari and tatbiq) and belief in a special occasion and the untrue exegesis of some verses of the noble Quran are of the main reasons of causing these two phenomena. While interpreting the reasons of the invention of these two phenomena this research with analytic-descriptive method has studied the exegesis of the verses which have affirmed (justified and declared) these two phenomena and increasingly, it has revealed the untruthfulness of these two phenomena.
خلاصه ماشینی:
The phrase "Ma Ta'akhara Hukmuhu 'an Nuzulihi" means that verses from the Holy Quran were revealed, but after some time, their ruling was legislated; such as the revelation of the verse "قَدْ أَفْلَحَ مَنْ تَزَکَّی" ﴿اعلی/ 14﴾ in Mecca and the interpretation of "تَزَکَّی" as obligatory Zakat and its legislation in Medina.
" In addition to quoting and accepting the concept of "Ma Ta'akhara Hukmuhu 'an Nuzulihi" from al-Zarkashi and consequently from al-Baghawi, al-Suyuti added a new title and term named "Ma Ta'akhara Nuzuluhu 'an Hukmihi" based on al-Baghawi's ijtihad in resolving apparent contradictions in the verses, and for this matter, he referred to the verse of ablution (wudu), Friday prayer, and the verse of zakat (al-Suyuti, 1401: 1/143); meaning that the ruling of wudu is mentioned in verse 6 of the Medinan Surah al-Ma'idah, while the legislation of prayer, followed by wudu and Friday prayer, took place in Mecca, whereas the verses related to Friday prayer and its rulings in the Medinan Surah al-Jumu'ah are stated.
3. Causes for the emergence of the two phenomena "Ma Ta'akhara Hukmuhu 'an Nuzulihi" and "Ma Ta'akhara Nuzuluhu 'an Hukmihi" By examining the exegetical works of commentators who believe in the phrase "Ma Ta'akhara Hukmuhu 'an Nuzulihi wa Ma Ta'akhara Nuzuluhu 'an Hukmihi," it can be concluded that granting absolute credibility to the narrations of the Companions of the Prophet (PBUH) and the Tabi'un, disregard for the principle of flow and application, belief in specific reasons for revelation (asbab al-nuzul), and the incorrect interpretation of some passages of the Holy Quran verses, are among the most important causes for the emergence of this phenomenon.
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