چکیده:
After the Qur'an, the hadiths of the Imams (as) are the source of guidance, but they have changed throughout history. The existence of fabricated traditions among Shiites and Sunnis multiplies the necessity to know the true and false hadiths. One of the ways to know the fabricated hadith is to know the process of fabricated hadiths. Studying the history and hadith, the Muslims discovered some movement on fabricated hadith later. The present article by descriptive-analytical method deals with one of the effective movements in the field of hadith, namely the Qārīs (reciters). Since the beginning of the revelation, although the reciters have played an influential role in the establishment of the Islamic society and the advancement of its goals but after the Prophet (pbuh) the role of some of those, for various motives, were formed in a negative direction and in the support of the caliphs. fabricating hadiths on the virtues of the caliphs and adaption the promised Mahdi to the caliphs, fabricating of “Sab’ata Aḥruf” due to legitimizing their readings are among the areas of fabricating hadith by hadith fabricated’s Qārīs.
خلاصه ماشینی:
Muawiyah, by employing a group of Sahaba (Companions) and Tabi'un (Successors) through the manipulation of weak-willed individuals such as Abu Hurairah and Samurah ibn Jundub, began to fabricate and disseminate unpleasant news and hadiths to disparage Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) and emphasize the necessity of the people staying away from the Ahl al-Bayt (as).
The caliphs, by selecting certain individuals, helped advance their own goals; for example, Abu Darda, a companion of the Prophet, was sent to Syria at the request of Yazid bin Abi Sufyan by Umar for the purpose of teaching the Quran (Ibn Abd al-Barr, 1412 AH, Vol. 4, p.
111) During the time of Muawiyah and other Umayyads, there were also Qariyan who played a role in the process of hadith fabrication: Ibn Abi al-Hadid al-Mu'tazili, after narrating the process of slandering Ali bin Abi Talib (as) regarding the pulpit and also the fabrication of hadith regarding the virtues of the caliphs, which points to a thought-provoking issue.
58, 61 and 70) Qariyan presented their intellectual and religious beliefs in the form of Quranic interpretation; such as the hadith that Abu Hurairah narrates from the Prophet (pbuh) stating that Almighty God descends to the earthly sky in the last third of the night (Bukhari, 1422 AH, Vol. 5, p.
Qalqashandi, Ahmad bin Ali, [Title unclear/corrupted text], Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyya, undated.
Kulayni, Muhammad bin Yaqub, [Title unclear/corrupted text], Beirut: Dar al-Hadith for Printing and Publishing, 1430 AH.
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