چکیده:
Salience is one of the contemporary literary theories that, with a literary approach to versified or prosaic texts, seeks to explain and analyze those characteristics and elements effective in the context of speech that, relying on the science of rhetoric and the art of eloquence, make literary texts distinguished from ordinary texts. According to formalists, salience occurs through rule-reduction (norm-deviation) and rule-addition. In this sense, the poet and man of letters, by reducing rules from the standard language or adding rules to it, make the form of their speech salient and distinct from ordinary language. Rule-reduction manifests more in the domain of semantic innovation (science of expression), and rule-addition occurs in the domain of verbal innovation (science of embellishment). Hazrat Fatima (AS), in the famous Fadakiyah sermon, proceeds to defend her legal right and strives to return the nascent Islamic Ummah, which has closed its eyes to the truth of the Prophet's (PBUH) family, to the path of guidance through her eloquent speech. Contemplating the resonant and impactful words of Hazrat (AS) reveals the literary beauties employed therein. The selection of terms, words, and their combination in the structure and context of her speech is such that it distinguishes the text of the sermon from ordinary texts. By linking her speech to literary devices and observing order and balance in her words, she, like a powerful orator, doubles the value and impact of her speech. What this article addresses is the literary analysis of the Fadakiyah sermon from the perspective of the theory of salience. Accordingly, the narrative text of the sermon is examined according to two methods: rule-reduction and rule-addition, and the literary beauties employed in it are analyzed and explained.
خلاصه ماشینی:
Many researchers have critiqued and analyzed the narrative fabric of the sermon from the perspective of its connection to the Holy Quran and its sublime concepts, or by raising contemporary political issues, and have written articles regarding the type of expression used by Her Excellency in conveying the discussed concepts, the critical analysis of the sermon, or its rhetorical characteristics; however, the study of the literary and aesthetic aspects of the aforementioned sermon has received less attention from researchers, and the structure, order, and balance employed in it, along with its connection to the science of rhetoric and the arts and embellishments used therein, have not been evaluated; therefore, the present article is among the first studies to address the literary and aesthetic critique of the Fadak sermon.
The choice of vocabulary and terms, the verbal and semantic arrangements used in it, the observance of rhyme and the rhythm of Her Excellency's words, the use of simile, metaphor, and other literary arts of the science of rhetoric, alongside fundamental themes such as the oneness of God, the truthfulness of the Prophet (PBUH), the revival of the spiritual values of Islam and...
Hazrat Fatima (AS) utilizes the industries of metaphor and metonymy in many passages of the Fadakiyah sermon and, considering the content and essence of her speech, shapes the overall and final structure of her words; for example, Her Eminence, in a part of the sermon, introduces herself and speaks of her purity and honesty and that of the Ahl al-Bayt (AS), and subsequently, by reminding them of the station of prophethood and the mission that the Prophet (PBUH) was entrusted with, warns the attendees in the mosque.
(
, 
, 
)
