چکیده:
The aim of this research is to describe the various syntactic and semantic uses of the preposition 'si' in the Delvari dialect and to investigate its historical background. This preposition has two uses, predicative and non-predicative: the non-predicative complement of 'si' is always an object enclitic pronoun, whereas the predicative complements of 'si' have various semantic roles such as destination, recipient, beneficiary, patient, and goal. Two hypotheses are proposed regarding the history of the formation and use of this preposition. According to the first hypothesis, 'si' is the result of the phonetic evolution of the preposition [aɵiy] in Old Persian and the expansion of its meanings and uses. The existence of a similar preposition in a similar linguistic context with its use in the Darius inscription, and the general trend of the evolution of prepositions into null forms, reduces this probability. The second hypothesis considers the root of this preposition to be the grammaticalization of the noun 'su' and its phonetic evolution. Based on historical evidence from different periods of the evolution of the Persian language and dialectal evidence, the second hypothesis is more probable.
خلاصه ماشینی:
Predicative prepositions indicate semantic relationships and contain situational information about the action or the thing being described, whereas non-predicative prepositions do not add any meaning themselves and merely serve a grammatical role in indicating the syntactic relationship between the verb and its complement through case marking (Van Valin 1993: 275).
Due to the presence of the noun phrase object "ketav", the possibility of interpreting "si" as having a functional and non-predicative role in sentence (12) is ruled out, because in this dialect, the verb takes only one direct internal theme as an object, and in the absence of a ditransitive structure, no ambiguity remains that "si" is used in its predicative application and its complement carries a recipient semantic role.
In examining the possible historical roots of this preposition, we encountered two possibilities, and based on them, two hypotheses are proposed: one is that this preposition already existed in the form [aɵiy] in Old Persian, and this dialect has preserved that preposition, and over time its non-predicative use has emerged; and the other is that this preposition is the result of the grammaticalization of the noun "suway" with the dominant semantic feature of "direction", and its non-predicative use is part of the process of linguistic evolution and the grammaticalization process of this noun.
However, the grammaticalized form of "suv," which has undergone phonetic reduction, is used in this dialect as the directional locative preposition "si," and its complement indicates the goal of the action (Example 36).
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