چکیده:
Robson, an English Orientalist, has dedicated an entry to introducing Hadith in the third volume of the Encyclopaedia of Islam. In this entry, he addresses topics such as the etymology of Hadith in language and terminology, the codification of Hadith, an introduction to the Hadith collections of both sects (Shi'a and Sunni), Hadith criticism, explaining the types and degrees of authentic (Sahih) Hadiths, mentioning and defining various Hadith terms related to the nature of the chain of narration (Isnad), related to the text (Matn) of the Hadith, and finally, the methods of receiving Hadith. This article is dedicated to criticizing and reviewing his views regarding the "codification of Hadith," in which he writes that the Sunnah was not initially one of the sources of religion and was gradually considered a source of religion; additionally, in some Islamic lands, there was no Hadith text initially, and the codification of Hadith along with its chain of narration dates back to later centuries; the authors of this article, through historical investigations, have demonstrated the inaccuracy of this claim. Arabic: The English Orientalist Robson, in the third volume of the Encyclopaedia of Islam, dedicated an entry to defining Hadith and treated multiple issues in it, including the identification of the word Hadith linguistically and technically, the codification of Hadith, the definition of the Hadith collections of both sects, Hadith criticism, explaining the forms and degrees of authentic Hadiths, the explanation and definition of various Hadith terms associated with the nature of the Isnad related to the text of the Hadith, and finally, the methods of interpreting Hadith. However, we have addressed his views on "the codification of Hadith," as he believes that the Sunnah was not initially part of the sources of religion, but was considered part of it later. In addition, he believes that the Hadith text was not initially available in some Islamic lands and its codification with its chain of narration dates back to subsequent centuries; therefore, in this article, we have demonstrated the invalidity of this claim using historical studies.
خلاصه ماشینی:
Hadith, Sunnah, Khabar, Athar, Hadith collections, Robson Introduction Hadith, as the second authoritative source of Islam and considered the most extensive document of theology, enjoys a very high and important status; therefore, Muslim Hadith scholars have made great efforts in the fields of preservation, writing, explanation, and dissemination of it throughout Islamic history, and even now, they possess detailed Hadith studies similar to their predecessors, which has led to the expansion of the science of Hadith.
18) Robson continues by mentioning synonyms for Hadith under the titles of "Khabar," "Athar," and "Sunnah," and writes: Khabar, which in linguistics means news and information, is sometimes used for prophetic Hadiths and sometimes for Hadiths narrated from the Companions or the Successors; it is obvious that such a definition is specific to Sunni Hadith scholars, as he has not mentioned its evidence and has also ignored the Shiite view.
110) Robson, in the entry for Hadith in the Encyclopedia of Islam, under the heading of the emergence and compilation of Hadith, writes: "Sunnah gradually comes to be considered the second authoritative source after the Quran," and believes that Sunnah was not a source of religion from the first day; however, such a claim is unacceptable because God, from the beginning of the revelation, addressed the Holy Prophet(s), saying: «وَ أَنْزَلْنا إِلَيْكَ الذِّكْرَ لِتُبَيِّنَ لِلنَّاسِ ما نُزِّلَ إِلَيْهِم» (An-Nahl: 44) "And We have sent down to you the Message, so that you may make clear to the people what has been sent down to them.
(
, 
, 
)
