B» Sheikh Mohammad Abduh, the flagbearer of reform (1266-1323 AH) معرفی و نقد

خلاصه ماشینی:

(3) Muhammad Abduh at Al-Azhar University The history and antiquity of this university date back to the years 350–360 AH, which, following the conquest of Egypt by the fourth Fatimid Caliph (Al-Mu'izz li-Din Allah / ruled from 341–365 AH) and the founding of the city of Cairo, under his command, the first ______________________________ 1ـ عثمان امین، همان، ص 21ـ23. In Cairo, outside of Al-Azhar University, Sayyid Jamal was engaged in teaching rational sciences, and Muhammad Abduh was the first student to join him. Cromer, who was terrified by these results, wrote in one of his reports: "By this means, I warn the rulers of England that if the Watani Party continues for another year under the leadership of Sayyid Jamal al-Din al-Afghani, not only will the politics and trade of the British government in Asia and Africa be completely destroyed, but there is a fear that the influence of European countries will suddenly be endangered throughout the world. Reform of Islamic School Curricula in Beirut Sheikh Muhammad Abduh, who was a student of Sayyid Jamal, like him, possessed a reformative and combative spirit that extended beyond his own geographical boundaries. Sheikh Muhammad suggested to the Khedive of Egypt that he join the group of professors at Al-Azhar University so that he could subsequently undertake reforms in this great university, emphasizing that this work was essentially not considered political but rather a religious cultural endeavor. In the year 1310 AH, Muhammad Abduh participated in the establishment of a center called the "Islamic Charitable Society" to reform the thinking of teachers and professors of various schools in Egypt.