خلاصه ماشینی:
Burton's avid interest in indigenous peoples led him to concentrate on their genealogies, their racial and "anatomical structures, kinship, social and political hierarchies, belief systems (most of which would be honed into "scientific" considerations into later standard western anthropology).
7 Mahroof: Western Anthropo-Sociology 73 Once the reality of the permanent presence of the European imperial powers was accepted, the infrastructures of imperial governance were given a prominence they had not enjoyed before.
Conceptual distinctions seemed to hinge on the anthropo-sociological considerations of the incidents and accidents of individuals, such as birth, marriage and death ceremonies; rites of passage, the incidents and accidents of group life, such as class and caste systems, kinship, political, and social hierarchies.
Hence, western anthropology at that period was roughly historical descriptions of human institutions and the detailing of exotic lives of primitive (in the sense of lacking facilities) communities ..
" 82 The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 14: I These constraints, obviously, affect other branches of western anthropology.
Lumping all communities, whether backward or advanced, together and asserting that they are equal and show only different responses to the same stimulus, as current anthropology does, is to abdicate the true role of anthro- Mahroof: Western Anthropo-Sociology 85 pology.
Reviewing the impact of the (anthropological) historical works of the GraecoRoman writers Herodotus, Thucydides, Xenophon, Polybius, Sallust, Livy, Tacitus, and others, a classical historian writes that: in the interval of time between them, human nature, the one constant factor in history, has remained fundamentally unchanged, so that the generalizations about it, in which the ancient historian delighted, are as valid today as when they were made.