Abstract:
In 1381(AH), with the ratification and implementation of the amendment to the article on General and Revolutionary Courts, journalistic and political crimes were placed under the authority of courts called provincial Penal Courts. Before then, such crimes were handled by General and Revolutionary Courts. Because of the importance and complexity of political and journalishic crimes, and because Provincial Criminal Courts, as part of the Province Rehearing Court, handle political and journalistic crimes, with the presence of a jury, this article tries to describe the structure, qualification, and legal procedures of the provincial criminal courts. Moveover, it investigates the qualification of the legal frames of reference, particularly in relation to journalistic crèmes. "The heart" is the name of a small pine-shaped organ located on the left of human chest. This name is also used for one of the existential spaces of man. But, its true spiritual nature (in contrast to its matter) is subject to much controversy among the involved scholars. This issue is frequently discussed in Islamic texts, one of which being the great revered book Nahjol Balagheh, which apportions substantial space to this issue. The present article aims to investigate this issue in the ofore-mentioned book. More specifically, it wants to identify the meaning, status, and functions of this human element. The author used a descriptive-analytic style, in that, he investigates "the heart" in the context of Nahjol Balagheh. It should be mentioned that the author used the two Persian words del and ghalb (both meaning hearts) interchangeably. The obscurity of the intended meaning among competing ones, and therefore the confusion of the reader, is the strongest counter-claim against the polysemy of words in the Koran. The students of the Koran should identify the context of use of the words and discover the intended meaning. Finally, under the rubric of "the result", the necessity of the compilation of a book on polysemous prepositions in the Koran and the forms and morphology of the words of the Koran is mentioned, a task which previous researchers failed to attend to, limiting their effort to identifying the multiple meaning of nouns and verbs. The Egyptian, nationalist poet, Hafiz Ibrahim, is a well-known and illustrious figure in the contemporary Arabic literature. He is one of the pioneers of the literary movement and nationalist poetry, who has played a remarkable role in developing a nationalist spirit among the Arabs. As the best way to know a figure is the examination of their works, this article does a topical survey, without any literary intentions, of Hafiz Ibrahim's Divan (The Book of Poems), investigating the poets, views, in a critical period, on knowledge, poverty and wealth. Maroof Rossafi is an illustrious contemporary poet in Iraq, who was involved in such activities as teaching, journalism, translation, and legislation. His major work is his Book of Poems (Divan). His other works include Rasael-e- Talighat and Ala Babe Sejne Abelala. Most of his ghasayed (purpose poems) deal with political and social subjects such as love the land, unity of people, Pan-Arabic unity, complaint about the oppression of Ottoman rulers, opposition to British rule over Arabic countries, promotion of learning, and freedom of women. The historical novel is one of the many types of novel in which the author recreates history in the form of a story, using imaginary as well as historical characters and events. This fictional type developed in Arabic literature in the second half of the 19th century under the influence of the tenets and principles of European Romanticism. Walter Scott, considered the founder of the Western historical novels, developed this genre. The rise of this genre in the Arabic literature is one of the first signs of the influence of Western literature. This influence was first felt in the stories of Salim Bostani (1848-1884). Then , Georgi Zeidan, by paying special attention to new Western literary works, the importance of the Romantic School, and the heritage of the "romance" and Eastern folklore, gave a special literary status to this literary genre. In this article, the author investigates the influence of the Romantic School, romance, and the heritage of the folklore on the historical novels by Geogi Zeidan. As, on the one hand, it is impossible to investigate all his novels (21 novels) in one article, and, on the other hand, the frame and plot of his stories are quite similar, the author focuses on one of his novels: Ghade Karbala. This article investigates the criteria for classification of seiences, then, it explores the well-known and established statement concerning the distinctness of topics as the criterion for distinguishing sciences and the relation of knowledge with inherent accidents. Next, different statements about the nature of inherent accidents are examined and the relation of inherent accidents to the nature of scientific topics is expounded. Two basic problems in the definition of inherent accidents are posed and different answers are critically investigated. During the history of philosophy and science, the reality of matter has been one of the most important topics for empirical philosophers and scientists. Moreover, one of the axioms in the philosophy of prepatetics was the composition of things from two distinct elements : matter (hyl'e) and form. Furthermore, in the history of Islamic philosophy, one of the most important differences between the prepatetics school and the illuminationists has been the composition of things. This article aims to prove the independence of things (substances) from matter (hyl'e) by considering and critical analysis of the arguments provided by prepatetics. It also wants to prove that the material substance of things consists of common components (elements and atoms) the differences of which are due to their number and arrangement. The term platform-dwellers (Ahl-u-soffah) refers to a group of early Muslims who resided on a platform next to the Prophet Mosque in Medina and led a very simple life of poverty and piety and enjoyed the company and compassion of the holy prophet. The platform-dwellers are frequently mentioned in mystic sources, especially those of the Sunnites. Some authors regard them as the prodecessors of the Sufis, mentioning many Koranic verses which, they believe, were revealed about this elite group of early Muslims. The late Allameh Tabatabai scrutinizes these verses in Al-Mizan and provides reason and evidence as to the inaccuracy of such interpretation. This article makes a comparison between the opinion of some of mystics and Sufis and those of Allameh-Tabatabai, the author of Al-Mizan. The mystical Sufis did not comply with many standards of life and established social conventions and innovated new ways and practices. Convent-residing, wearing plain and tattered robes, singing special songs are among the practices which the suffis innovated. Sometimes, they made their followers do deeds with no antecedent. In words, profanities, defending Satan, etc. characterized the language they used. This article tries to investigate two ways the Sufis broke social norms in their social behavior.
Machine summary:
"A Critical Investigation of the Qualification of Law Courts for Journalistic Crimes Mahmood Soufi Abadi 1 Abstract Key words: ( Semnan Islamic Azad University Instructor Heart in Nahjol Balagheh Bakhshali Ghanbari 1 Abstract Key words: ( Facuity Member of Jihad Daneshgahi Research Institute Polysemy in the Koran Sayed Ali Akbar Rabi-nataj 1 Abstract Polysemy has long been a controversial issue among philologists and students of the Koran.
Student at Tarbiat Modares University Inherent Accidents as the Criterion for Coherence and Diferentiation of Scientific Topics Ghasem Kakai 1 Abstract Key words: ( Shiraz University Assistant Professor A Philosophical Investigation of Matter and Substance Hassan Doustmohammadi 1 Abstract Key words: ( Semnan University Instructor An Investigation into the Koranic Verses Associated with the Platfrom-Dwellers (Ahl-u-Soffah) from Sufists, Mystics, and Allameh Tabatabai's Points of view Ghodratollah Khayatian 1 Abstract Key words: ( Semnan university Assistant Professor A Study of Breaking Social Norms by Mystics Ali Sajedi 1 Abstract Key words: ( Ferdows Islamic Azad University Assistant Professor"