Abstract:
Legal criminology is a practical field of criminology that analyzes the technical aspects of criminal law institutions and suggests alternative solutions. The urban planning and management system is an important institution in the country's overall structure, and crimes related to urban planning are of great significance due to the role of this area in the lives of the population living in cities. However, despite its importance, no study has examined the system's structure from a criminological perspective. Only a few studies have focused on analyzing corruption in urban planning, while other relevant crimes have been ignored. This research aims to examine and analyze the structure of urban planning from a criminological standpoint, using a descriptive-analytical approach. The urban planning system is a complex combination of various rules, regulations, and participants, making it difficult to analyze. The most significant factors contributing to the development of crime in the urban planning system are its governmental structure and the diversity of actors in the field. The financial structure of the urban planning system, coupled with its dependence on income from crime and violations, has led to the commission of numerous offenses and crimes that involve coordination between the offenders and the government and public elements of the structure. The enactment of legislation plays a crucial role in the creation of crime within urban planning structures. The current situation, which involves a scattered set of criminal regulations, confusion in criminalization and prosecution, and inadequate deterrents for criminal responses, results in significant consequences
Machine summary:
Studies conducted show that, despite the fact that crimes and deviations in the field of urban planning are very important in social life and the environment, and for example, drawing a line on land and determining the urban boundary can, in addition to destroying thousands of hectares of agricultural and garden land, “lead to the creation of huge wealth for a minority at the expense of the majority” (,European Parliament 2: Third Fact-finding mission to Spain)“ and thus, in addition to damaging the environment, provide vast rents and fortunes for a white-collar minority connected to power, criminologists have paid little attention to the aforementioned field and some of the studies conducted have only examined corruption in that structure.
The need of the structure for income from building violations, unauthorized land use changes, unauthorized subdivisions, and also the construction of buildings exceeding the approved density has led to the emergence of a kind of organizational conflict of interest2, and in practice, coordination has emerged between the governmental and public components of the structure and white-collar criminals and violators, and therefore the commission of many violations and crimes in the field of urban planning is supported by the entirety of the structure.
” Administrative officials in determining the land use within the city limits are another cause of corruption and the commission of crimes and violations related to the field of urban planning.
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