Abstract:
The concept of "nation" is a modern phenomenon and a product of the intellectual advancements of the Renaissance. As a demographic element, it shapes the identity of the modern state alongside territory and sovereignty, playing a significantly more prominent role than other components in the formation of the modern state. Thus, the nation and the state are two interrelated and opposing concepts, each lacking meaning without the other. The phenomenon of the nation, like other modern phenomena, is based on specific foundations and is logically and systematically connected to other components of modernity, in line with the goals of Western civilization. On the other hand, the Islamic Republic of Iran, as a model of post-Islamic Revolution governance, claims to represent a new political order with its own foundations and ideals. By deeply exploring the foundations and components of the phenomenon of the nation through an exploratory approach, as well as descriptively examining the foundations and ideals of the Islamic Republic system as manifested in its Constitution, we arrive at the central question: Despite the use of the term "nation" in the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, the demographic element of the state in post-Islamic Revolution Iran is not aligned with the modern concept of the nation as a demographic element of the modern state, and the core elements of the modern nation are incompatible with the theoretical foundations of the Islamic Republic.
Machine summary:
For further study in this regard, see: Mehrpour, 1387; Beheshti, 1378; Kaabi, 1395; Salah, 1399 (Ref: Introduction to the Constitution and Articles 2, 3, 4, 5, 11, 152, and 154)1, is the demographic element of the political community of Iran after the Islamic Revolution the same demographic element common in most countries of the world with the intellectual and philosophical foundations of the concept of nation, or is the demographic element of the political community of Iran different from the prevailing pattern in the world?
In fact, the all-encompassing projection of Western civilization over the entire countries and the homogenization of societies around the values of modernity and the formation of a global village, on the one hand, and the emergence of the Islamic Revolution with foundations and ideals derived from religion, on the other hand, clarify the necessity of explaining that the prerequisite for playing an effective role in the global community is not being assimilated into the civilization and culture of East and West, and the prerequisite for this is to explain the relationship between imported concepts and phenomena with native foundations and components and to change or redefine them according to Iranian-Islamic foundations and goals.
Works that have dealt with the formation and nature of the modern state in Iran or the nation have also only focused on explaining the historical, social, and cultural requirements for the emergence and existence of these phenomena in Iran and have not mentioned anything regarding constitutional law and specifically the Constitution (see: Afzali, 1386; Kachuiyan, 1393).
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