Abstract:
Plato، as the founder of “political Philosophy”، is the best example of a theorist’ attempt to understand the social disorders and to propose a solution for it. For Plato، to put Socrates on trial is a symptom of Athena’ “crisis” which should be examined and a solution should be presented. All of Plato’s attempt، especially in “The Republic” is to get rid of this crisis. But، Plato’ solution، as if it has happened a “miracle” in modern age، has been regarded as distinctive from all modern age thinkers’ solution and these thinkers has intended to reject Plato’ solution by ascribing it to the old age، age of ideals. In this treatise we want to achieve a “real historical understanding” of Plato’s political philosophy by sympathy with The Philosopher، that is، by approaching the method of understanding the text by text itself and avoiding from the two methods of “progressism” and “historicism” in understanding the political texts، methods which has been founded upon miracle based on the prejudice of the modern age. This method of investigation، especially in explaining Plato’s “ideas”، is basic in regarding to our intended purpose.
Machine summary:
Therefore, it can be said that Plato, by presenting that position of knowledge and this method of acquiring it, wrote the book “Republic” as his most important work and the most influential treatise on political philosophy in the form of a dialogue between real citizens of Athens about the essential issues of their lives.
The plan of “The Republic” to establish “Utopia” - an ideal society - and throughout Plato’s political philosophy, is an attempt to find the best political system with the aim of providing justice - that is, providing a happy life - for citizens.
The implicit - implied - acceptance of this definition of justice by Socrates in the first book of “The Republic”, which is a kind of realistic definition of it, is a ground on which Plato is going to depict the best possible political system, and that is the rule of law within the framework of “laws”.
Of course, since Plato does not allow the ideal ruler in any of his works to use force to achieve his goals - even justice - he cannot be considered a philosopher of a closed society or attribute domination and power to his views.
For this reason, in the fifth book of “The Republic”, Plato votes for the unnecessary realization of perfection or its complete impossibility, a city that is only “example” 1 designed in thought - mind - so that the real society of humans is built like it as much as possible.
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