Abstract:
The purpose of this paper is to answer the question of how a market will be created. This issue has been analyzed through the study of the emergence of the network of relationships, activists and work norms in the Baneh border market in Kurdistan province. For this purpose, qualitative method and interview and observation techniques, and documentary analysis were used to collect data. The conceptual and theoretical framework is the result of Karl Polanyi, Mark Granovetter, and Richard Swedberg''s views on "New Economic Sociology". The results show that the formation of the market is not accidental, natural or result of self-regulatory processes, but rather a political, legal, and institutional foundation, based on the current relationships between actors and their social and cultural roots. The social, economic, and political imperatives of the region under study have led the government, through economic policies, to create a network of relationships, actors and norms of work in sustained forms, called the "border market". In addition, the findings show that over time, the pattern of trade, the organization of economic relations, the number and nature of forces inside and outside the market and their relationships with each other have changed significantly.
Machine summary:
The social, economic, and political necessities of the region under consideration have prompted the government to provide the grounds for the emergence of a network of relationships, actors, and work norms in stable forms under the title of "border market" through economic policymaking.
In addition, the findings indicate that over time, the pattern of border trade, the level of organization of economic relations, the number and nature of forces within and outside the market, and their relationships with each other have undergone significant changes.
However, in the last two decades, economic relations with Iraqi Kurdistan, due to internal and regional developments and the flourishing of border trade, have gained special intensity and importance, and with the creation of the Baneh market, in addition to turning it into one of the busiest border markets in the country, significant changes have occurred in various economic, social, and cultural dimensions.
It is possible to better understand and interpret the emergence of this type of 1 Embedded Economic activity, its continuation over time, and the resulting changes in various dimensions of urban and rural society are facilitated through the analysis of the network of relationships, the nature of different actors, the creation of norms and rules of activity over time, methods of circulation and distribution of goods, and so on.
The end of the war, the coming to power of the reconstruction government, and the developments taking place on the other side of the border provided the necessary social, economic, and political context for the emergence of a market.
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