Abstract:
The entry of Islam into different lands, based on cultural conditions and how the people of those lands interacted with the Islamic faith, had different consequences. Muslims, as rulers of newly conquered lands, enacted new religious and political laws based on Islam, and sometimes also considered the customs of the community, the culture of the region, and its historical heritage in enacting new regulations. Al-Andalus was one of the lands that fell under Muslim control at the end of the 1st century AH; a land that was previously under the rule of the Goths and had its own specific religious and political laws. Since, at the beginning of the entry of Islam into Al-Andalus, most of the people were followers of Christianity, Muslim rulers entrusted the resolution of some judicial and financial matters of them to people from among themselves, and for this reason, they recognized the institution of "Qumis", which remained from the time of the Goths, with slight changes. In the present research, based on the descriptive-analytical method and by searching historical sources and paying attention to recent research, the duties of the Qumis institution, how it was selected and its position in the history of Islamic Spain, especially in relation to the social situation of Christians, are investigated. The findings of the research show that Qumis included duties such as guiding and leading the Christian community, resolving their judicial issues, collecting taxes, and supervising religious affairs and churches, and played a decisive role in the historical, social and economic developments of Christians.
Machine summary:
Since, at the beginning of the arrival of Islam in Al-Andalus, most of its people were followers of Christianity, Muslim rulers entrusted the resolution of some of their judicial and financial matters to individuals from among themselves, and for this reason, they recognized the institution of “Qumus,” which had remained from the time of the Goths, with slight modifications.
In the present research, based on a descriptive-analytical method and by searching historical sources and paying attention to recent studies, the duties of the Qumus institution, how it was selected, and its position in the history of Islamic Spain, especially in relation to the social conditions of Christians, are investigated.
The findings of the research show that Qumus included duties such as guiding and leading the Christian community, resolving their judicial issues, collecting taxes, and supervising religious affairs and churches, and played a decisive role in the historical, social, and economic developments of Christians.
Mohammad Ali Cholongar and Parvin Asghari, in the article “Social Consequences of the Presence of Muslims in Al-Andalus” (History of Islam, Vol. 14, No. 56, Winter 1392), although they referred to the activities of religious minorities in Al-Andalus and the freedom of Christians to perform their religious duties, did not mention Qumus or its position.
At the beginning of the Muslim entry into Al-Andalus, Abd al-Aziz ibn Musa ibn Nusair concluded a peace treaty with him, according to which Theodomir’s rule over his territory was recognized and the Islamic ruler guaranteed his security and that of his followers (Salma Khadra 11-10, Jayyusi).
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