Dutch Bankers and Shopkeepers in Qajar Iran Journal Article

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79 to 131) Article Received: 30/12/93; Final Acceptance Date: 28/06/94 Abstract This article analyzes the history of two Dutch companies active in import and export; one of them is Hotz & Son (Zoon &Hotz) which, in addition to providing a biography of its managers, will refer to many of their original initiatives that were also indebted to part of Iran's development in later periods. In 1888, when the Netherlands no longer had a representation in Bushehr, Hotz was forced to formally place his trading house under the protection of the English; because Knobel (Knobel) who later became the new Dutch Consul General, only arrived in Iran in 141890 and not in Bushehr but settled in Tehran. According to Hotz, during the peak of his activity, he managed all matters related to Iran himself: employees in Iran were mostly Dutch, and despite the fact that the main European office of one of the trading houses was established in London in 1884, that office always ensured the interests of the Dutch by continuously and encouragingly importing domestic goods. Tehran Toko Similar to many commercial and non-commercial actions taken in Qajar Iran, the first Dutch store was established as a result of the commercial considerations of a diplomat who wanted to demonstrate his patriotism, perhaps even for himself, in the shadow of a profitable business; he was Fridolin Marinus Knobel, the Dutch Consul General in Iran from 1889 to 1896.