Abstract:
The phenomenon of religious extremism in the Islamic world is an unfortunate issue that, through its violent actions against followers of other Islamic denominations, has caused extensive social harm and consequences. The harmful effects of these actions are now clearly visible in human societies, especially in Islamic communities. Undoubtedly, the spread of divisions and the intensification of conflict within the Islamic Ummah, particularly in the Middle East and Afghanistan, are direct consequences of religious extremism. For several decades, religious extremist groups have been active in Afghanistan. Prolonged internal conflicts and wars in Afghanistan have made it a safe haven and breeding ground for these extremist groups. Their actions in Afghanistan have led to the portrayal of Islam as a violent religion opposed to coexistence, peace, and human kindness. Today, as a result of these groups' activities, Afghanistan faces various social problems such as insecurity, displacement, poverty, misery, and destruction. This study aims to examine the discourse of religious extremism in contemporary Afghanistan and critique it based on Quranic teachings. The research is applied in nature and uses documentary and library-based data, analyzed through critical discourse analysis. The findings indicate that religious extremism, particularly in the Islamic world and Afghanistan, arises from the ideological principles of these groups, particularly their understanding and interpretation of " Monotheism in worship," which is critiqued in this research based on Quranic teachings.
Machine summary:
The findings indicate that religious extremism in the world, especially in the Islamic world and Afghanistan, stems from the intellectual principles of these groups, particularly their understanding and interpretation of "Tawhid al-Ibadah" (monotheism in worship), which is critiqued and examined in this study based on the teachings of the Quran.
This culture in the Islamic world has had many cultural and social consequences, one of which was the issue of returning to the Caliphate, which today is considered one of the most fundamental and central issues in the field of religious and social thought and intellect of Muslims, especially religious extremists; based on this, some Sunni thinkers and scholars have Salafi tendencies, have written hundreds of volumes of books, and created many parties and groups to reach through this path to desires and goals such as the return to the Caliphate in Islamic societies.
Religious extremists, following the thoughts and ideas of Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab, consider seeking intercession and requesting needs from prophets and divine saints to be Shirk, and believe in the Mushrik status of those who seek intercession.
ir especially Shiites, who seek closeness to God by employing tawassul (intercession) through prophets and divine saints and requesting needs, are considered to have performed polytheistic acts and are counted as disbelievers and polytheists, and the rulings of kufr and shirk must be applied to them; this improper inference from religious and Quranic teachings in Islamic societies has created confrontations, violence, slaughter, looting, insecurity, and social and structural instability; for this reason, this country has been embroiled in such issues for decades.
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