Abstract:
Among the various cultural، social، political، and economical factors which played a part in the emergence of feminism، the role of the religion was the most crucial one. As a result of the deep influence of religion in Europe and the discriminatory attitude of the Scriptures and the church authorities towards sex، women’s movement inclined to، first، subjective interpretations and justifications of Christianity teachings and، then، a complete denial and rejection of Christianity and gradually adopted a oppositional stance towards the Scriptures. This paper briefly surveys the course of the development of women’s movement and the anti-religious stance of the first group of feminists such as the Saloon Feminists، the Blue Stockings Society، women and freemason loges، and the Quillers. Finally، to study the impacts of the aforementioned groups on feminism، the paper briefly explains the theses of three main figures of the movement، John Stuart Mill، Bertrand Russell، and Simon de Boire.
Machine summary:
On one hand, capitalism engaged in challenging the Church by weakening its religious, moral, and creedal foundations and by supporting sexual freedoms, the right to divorce, the right to property, and the right of women to political participation, and by exploiting the weaknesses of Christianity, so as to indirectly facilitate the way of entry women into economic spheres and, on the other hand, the spirit of greed and exploitation of capitalism necessitated the desire to maintain the tradition of cheap female wages; therefore, advanced capitalism, with its contradictory, complex, and insidious policies, caused confusion for many feminists.
The function and product of these groups led to the training of human resources and the production of important feminist works, which briefly addresses how the women's movement evolved, the change in the movement's moral and religious approach, and its gradual shift toward legal, political, and also gender-related issues and the social institutions effective in them.
5-3-4-3) Hippel and Condorcet Years before Wollstonecraft, in 1774, a German named "Theodor von Hippel"1, in a book titled "On Marriage," criticized the legal and religious concept of the law of obedience, interpreting it as a form of slavery and subjugation, and called for women's participation in marriage and political affairs, considering the standard of human rights to be applicable only to the rights of men (Ibid, p.
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