Abstract:
The management of elites, as one of the pillars of sustainable development and a knowledge-based economy, faces numerous challenges in Iran. The main issue of this research is to identify these challenges and propose solutions to improve the management of elites. The primary research question examines the factors affecting the decrease in the motivation of elites and the increase in their migration. This study was conducted using a mixed-methods approach, incorporating qualitative data from 25 experts and quantitative data from 350 active elites in scientific and industrial fields. The results indicate that challenges such as administrative corruption, lack of transparency, social barriers, and weak research infrastructure contribute to the decline in the motivation of elites. Additionally, the average motivation for elites to remain is significantly below the average level (2.8 out of 5), with management challenges (average 4.2 out of 5) identified as the most significant barrier. Based on the findings, suggestions such as transparency in policymaking and the development of research infrastructure have been proposed. This research demonstrates that the adoption of effective policies can lead to a reduction in the migration of elites and better utilization of human capacities.
Machine summary:
(OECD, 2023) ـ Paul Romer and Robert Lucas emphasize in the knowledge-based economy theory that unlike the traditional economy, which prioritized physical resources such as land and financial capital, in the modern economy, knowledge and human expertise are the main axis of progress (Romer, 1990; Lucas, 1988) Advanced countries have utilized this theory to ensure their scientific and technological progress through the attraction of elites (World Bank, 2022).
The qualitative statistical population includes experts and specialists in the field of elite management in Iran, which includes faculty members of universities and research institutes related to science and technology policy, some current and former senior managers of the National Elites Foundation and the Ministry of Science, and migrant elites who have returned to the country or are active domestically.
Table of questionnaire variables and related indicators Main variable, related questions, related indicators Retention motivation, questions 1-5, job satisfaction level, research facilities Managerial challenges, questions 6-15, administrative corruption, bureaucracy, infrastructure Proposed strategies, questions 16-30, support programs, scientific diplomacy -- Validation of tools -- Content validity: The questionnaire and interview questions were reviewed and approved by five specialists in the field of elite management (Yaghmaei, 2003).
Table of qualitative data analysis results Core category, extracted sub-codes, explanations Managerial challenges, administrative corruption, lack of transparency, frequent policy changes, structural and administrative problems that prevent the retention and attraction of elites.
ـ Managerial challenges: The results of this research confirm that administrative corruption in some areas and the lack of transparency in some parts of Iran's management system (in the field of elites) are among the main factors in reducing the motivation of elites.
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