Abstract:
During the Jahiliyyah period, Hajj and Umrah were considered two independent acts of worship and were held at two different times of the year (Umrah in the month of Rajab, and Hajj in the Hajj months). After the emergence of Islam, these two acts of worship continued to be performed by the people in the same manner until the tenth year of the Hijri calendar during the Farewell Pilgrimage, when by the command of the Prophet (PBUH), Umrah was held simultaneously with the rituals of Hajj, and the emphasis was placed on performing them together forever. Despite the stabilization of this legal ruling in Shia and Sunni traditions, there are differences observed in the traditions of the Ahl al-Sunnah regarding the principle of the legislation of Umrah al-Tamattu' as well as its permanence or abrogation; this article aims to conduct a comparative study of this subject in Shia and Sunni traditions and to provide a judgment regarding the existing differences.
Machine summary:
329) Based on some of these reports, the Messenger of Allah (PBUH), during Hajj al-Wada'—the only Hajj that the Prophet performed in his noble life—after entering Mecca, performing the Tawaf and its prayer, and also after completing the Sa'i between Safa and Marwa, turned to the people and said: "Behold, this is Gabriel—and he pointed behind him—who tells me to command you that whoever has not brought a sacrifice with them should exit from Ihram (and make their act Umrah).
For example, Ibn Kathir al-Dimashqi, under the verse "وَ اَتِمُّوا الحَجَّ وَ العُمرَةَ للهِ" (Al-Baqarah: 196), has stated: "Many hadiths have been transmitted through various chains from Anas bin Malik and a group of the companions, stating that the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) combined Hajj and Umrah in his Ihram.
344) The most famous narration that contains a complete report of the Hajj of the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) as well as the legislation of Umrah Tamattu' during the Farewell Pilgrimage is the hadith of Jabir bin Abdullah al-Ansari.
In this hadith, which is addressed to Imam Muhammad al-Baqir (AS), Jabir bin Abdullah, while recounting his memory of performing Hajj alongside the Prophet (PBUH), says: "When the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) completed the final round of Sa'i between Safa and Marwa, he addressed his companions, saying: 'If I had not done what I have done so far and had not set my sacrifice in motion, I would have made my rituals Umrah.
Muhammad bin Munkadir narrates from Jabir that he said: "The Messenger of Allah (PBUH), Abu Bakr, and Umar sufficed with performing Hajj al-Ifrad.
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