Abstract:
This research, utilizing Bourdieu's perspectives, examines the role of socially responsible poets as political and social reformers in the thoughts of Saadi and Hafez. The study is based on the hypothesis that the poet pursues societal improvement as an intellectual and enlightening duty as a representative of criticism. As a primary figure in the realm of social and political interactions, the poet engages in reformist actions and, from a critical perspective, proposes solutions for societal reform. This research explores Saadi's critical approach, highlighting his prominent reformist characteristics and presenting his solutions for general reform in three dimensions: social, political, and leadership. Saadi's solutions include moderation as a social reform, justice and fairness as political reforms, and prudence as a solution for leadership reform. These solutions are presented in the context of Saadi's significant attention to society and politics during a time of crisis and upheaval. Furthermore, the study delves into the critique of the public in Hafez's thoughts. As a critical poet in Iranian literary and intellectual history, Hafez introduces reformist solutions to shape his contemporary society. Hafez's reformist approach is discussed on three levels: political, social, and leadership. Love and friendship are presented as solutions for political reform, truth as a solution for social reform, and justice as a solution for leadership reform. In summary, Saadi and Hafez's reformist solutions can be characterized by an emancipated individual as an ideal citizen, a reform-seeking society as an ideal city, and a benevolent and just leader as an ideal ruler. The proposed solutions by Saadi and Hafez for constructing a virtuous society involve a critical approach, shaping an ideal political structure based on personal and collective virtues, with truth and justice at their pinnacle. Their reformist approach reflects a vision for building a virtuous society.
Machine summary:
136 Supreme Politics, Vol. 11, No. 41, 2023 Critique of the Common Sphere in the Thought of Saadi and Hafez: Solutions for Social 1 and Political Reform in Persian Literature (A Case Study of the Political Thought of Saadi and Hafez) Tayyebeh Mohammadi Kia Assistant Professor, Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies, Tehran, Iran.
ir Abstract By utilizing Bourdieu's perspectives, this research examines political and social reform from the perspective of the concept of the functional poet in the thoughts of Saadi and Hafez.
In response, the notion is proposed that the poets of Persian literature have depicted the pathology, critique, and reformism in the common sphere in three domains: social, political, and the character of governance (the person of the ruler) and external, under components such as tolerance, affection, truthfulness, and justice.
Therefore, studying Saadi in these turbulent times can be a noteworthy example of the problem-solving capability of Persian literature, which, in the form of verse and prose, brings the social and political atmosphere into critique and, at this critical juncture, strives to reproduce Iranian collective wisdom in Persian poetry in post-Islamic Iran, presenting an internal and indigenous perspective and placing reformative solutions before society.
Justice and Equity as a Solution for Reforming Governance Justice and fairness should be considered a universal value in Hafez's thought; a value that is seen not only in the poet's laments, َ but also in his social admonitions and political criticisms.
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