Abstract:
Mulla Sadra has experienced, in his works, three stages of philosophical journey: principality of quiddity, the principality of existence of gradational unity, and the principality of existence of personal unity. There must have been changes in the dependent discussions in proportion to these three stages of journey. Considering this change would resolve many issues related to Mulla Sadra's true view and the consistency or inconsistency of the doctrines inside Mulla Sadra's system. According to the present study, some views have been offered on 'time' based on the three journeys of Mulla Sadra, and in line with each journey, some evolutions have occurred regarding the time and the related discussions. These evolutions have been studied in the following spheres in three stages in the form of an intra-system comparative study. These spheres are as follows: definition of time; the essential or existential being of the time; the argument for proving the existence of time; the univocal or gradational nature of time; the direct cause of time; the running sphere of time, and their common and different points.
Machine summary:
According to the specific foundations of Transcendent Wisdom, the objective reality of existence is a single matter from which time is analyzed and abstracted from one level and motion from another (see: Sadra al-Muta'allihin, 1360, p.
According to the aforementioned discussions, Sadra al-Muta'allihin proved that: time is an existential matter, and this is only possible through the transition from an essentialist view to an existentialist view, which is the description of Sadra's second progression; now, the direct cause of motion must also possess this characteristic.
Thus, time in the third level of Sadra's philosophical progression, which can only be reached by relying on the primacy of existence and personal unity, is a mode of the modes of the Exalted Truth (Sadra al-Muta'allihin, 1360, p.
289) which contains all events and occurrences of all moments and days within itself; from the perspective of the domain of the Divine Essence, the sum of time and everything that is temporal, in relation to the Essence of the Exalted Truth and in the level of His existence, has the ruling of a single moment, an instant, and an hour: «أن مجموع الزمان و ما يطابقه كساعة واحدة هي شأن واحد من شئون الله مشتمل على شئون التجليات الواقعة في كل يوم و ساعة» (Sadra al-Muta'allihin, 1360, p.
Conclusion Sadra al-Muta'allihin, regarding the subject of "time," like many wisdom-based (Hikami) topics, has spoken in different levels and according to his three philosophical trajectories.
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