Abstract:
the Iranian philosopher، Sufi، martyr and the founder of Ishrāqī theosophy. He could be considered as the restorer of the theosophy of Fahlawīyūn or the Khusrawānī theosophy of ancient Iran. By using the Zoroastrian sources and focusing on Greek philosophy، Suhrawardī combines these two eastern and western currents of philosophy in Islamic mysticism. He interprets these teachings not only in his important Arabic works such as Hikmat al-ishrāq (Theosophy of Illumination)، but also in his Persian works which are mostly symbolicmystical treatises. In these Persian treaties، he presents the principals of Khusrawānī theosophy by using the symbolic functions of mythical characters of ancient Iran، such as Firiydūn، Kaykhusru، Sīmurgh، Zāl، Rustam and Isfandīyār. His narrations of these mythical characters are based on the previous works such as Shāhnāmah. However، in some points there are great differences between his narrations and theprevious ones، so much so that we can mention him as the creator of these new narrations. The climax of this innovation is in the story of the struggle between Rustam and Isfandīyār. This change helps Suhrawardī to express his ideas through the symbolic functions of these characters، and these symbols are only understandable to those who are acquainted with Ishrāqī theosophy and mysticism. This article deals with these symbols and interprets their roles in Persian treatises of Shaykh-i Ishrāq such as ‘Aql-i surkh، Alwāh-i ‘Imādī، Lughat-i Mūrān and Safīr-i Sīmurgh.
Machine summary:
In addition to explaining these teachings in his important Arabic works such as Hikmat al-Ishraq (The Philosophy of Illumination), Sheikh al-Ishraq also depicts the same foundations of Khosravani wisdom in his Persian works, most of which consist of symbolic-mystical treatises, by employing the symbolic roles of certain mythological characters of ancient Iran, such as Fereydun, Kay Khosrow, Simurgh, Zal, Rostam, and Esfandiyar, and utilizes them to express his Illuminationist wisdom.
In addition to numerous Arabic works, the Sheikh's Persian treatises can be divided into two categories: philosophical and mystical; his three Persian philosophical treatises are named Partunama, Hayakil al-Nur, and Alwah Amadi, and the Persian mystical treatises consist of short and profound tales that depict the story of the spiritual journey and travel of the human soul through the levels of existence, from the western exile of the earthly world to the arrival at the eastern destination of illumination beyond the spheres, in a symbolic and unique language that is unparalleled both in terms of writing style and language, and in terms of the use of mystical symbols for understanding the original foundations of Illuminationist wisdom.
2. Simurgh, Zal, and the battle of Rostam and Esfandiyar The Sheikh of Illumination depicts these four mythical characters of ancient Iran in a wondrous manner in his symbolic-mystical treatise "The Red Intellect" to express his Illuminationist teachings.
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