Abstract:
The theory of forms has been Plato's most important philosophical view and was also presented in the Allegory of the Cave. He made great efforts to explain this theory and provide arguments to prove it; however, despite this view, he suffers from deficiencies in the field of proofs and sensibles that possess forms. In the present research, it has been proven that the criticisms of Aristotle, Ibn Sina, and Allameh Tabataba'i of this theory are correct, and the views of Augustine, Anselm, and Kant regarding it are incomplete and face fundamental criticisms. Sheikh al-Ishraq and subsequently Mulla Sadra believed in the accidental nature of the intellects regarding forms, and they consider all types of material entities to have forms. The theory of forms is provable through the rules of Transcendent Philosophy, not Illuminationism. This theory has a close connection with art, aesthetics, politics, law, ethics, education, architecture, and computer science.
Machine summary:
By positing two realms in the world (intelligibles and sensibles), Plato was able to reconcile the Parmenidean and Heraclitean views and present a middle theory that, while considering change and becoming existing in the sensible world as a real matter and not an imaginary one, posits a realm in which change has no way.
In other words, to prove the existence and possibility of true knowledge, which is not attainable in the natural world, Plato takes the existence of the world of Forms as a given (Copleston, A History of Philosophy, Vol. 1, 172/1).
By positing the Theory of Forms, Plato has considered the change of sensible objects as a real matter and has also come to believe in the existence of fixed and stable things.
Critique of the reasons for proving the Forms from Plato's perspective Conceptual sharing, definition, and the conception of an object after its decay do not necessitate that beings exist in the world of Forms; rather, these matters pertain to human conception and intellect, just as Aristotle says regarding the intellectualization of universal matters.
Objects having Forms One of the issues that must be considered in examining the theory of Forms is for what things ideas and Forms exist according to Plato's view.
Because the system of existence, from Plato's perspective, is limited to the world of Forms and sensible objects.
The Theory of Ideas in Islamic Philosophy Avicenna's Viewpoint From Avicenna's perspective, individuals of a single essence do not differ in their abstraction and materiality, intelligibility, or sensibility.
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